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Understanding the Permafrost–Hydrate System and Associated Methane Releases in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf

机译：了解东西伯利亚北极大陆架的多年冻土-水合物系统和相关的甲烷释放

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摘要

This paper summarizes current understanding of the processes that determine the dynamics of the subsea permafrost–hydrate system existing in the largest, shallowest shelf in the Arctic Ocean; the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS). We review key environmental factors and mechanisms that determine formation, current dynamics, and thermal state of subsea permafrost, mechanisms of its destabilization, and rates of its thawing; a full section of this paper is devoted to this topic. Another important question regards the possible existence of permafrost-related hydrates at shallow ground depth and in the shallow shelf environment. We review the history of and earlier insights about the topic followed by an extensive review of experimental work to establish the physics of shallow Arctic hydrates. We also provide a principal (simplified) scheme explaining the normal and altered dynamics of the permafrost–hydrate system as glacial–interglacial climate epochs alternate. We also review specific features of methane releases determined by the current state of the subsea-permafrost system and possible future dynamics. This review presents methane results obtained in the ESAS during two periods: 1994–2000 and 2003–2017. A final section is devoted to discussing future work that is required to achieve an improved understanding of the subject.
机译：本文总结了目前对决定存在于北冰洋最大，最浅层海底多年冻土－水合物系统动力学过程的理解。东西伯利亚北极大陆架（ESAS）。我们回顾了确定海底多年冻土层的形成，当前动态和热状态，其失稳机制以及其解冻速率的关键环境因素和机制;本文的整个章节专门讨论了这个主题。另一个重要的问题是，与浅层冻土有关的水合物在浅层地面深度和浅层架环境中可能存在。我们回顾了有关该主题的历史和较早的见识，随后对实验工作进行了广泛回顾，以建立北极浅水合物的物理学。我们还提供了一个主要（简化）方案，解释了随着冰川-冰川间气候时代交替出现的多年冻土-水合物系统的正常和变化动力学。我们还将审查由海底多年冻土系统的当前状态和可能的未来动态决定的甲烷释放的特定特征。这篇综述介绍了在ESAS中在1994-2000年和2003-2017年这两个时期内获得的甲烷结果。最后一节专门讨论实现对主题的更好理解所需的未来工作。

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