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Method for Near-Real Time Estimation of Tsunami Sources Using Ocean Bottom Pressure Sensor Network (S-Net)

机译：海底压力传感器网络（S-Net）的海啸源近实时估计方法

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A dense cabled observation network, called the seafloor observation network for earthquakes and tsunami along the Japan Trench (S-net), was installed in Japan. This study aimed to develop a near-real time tsunami source estimation technique using the ocean bottom pressure data observed at those sensors in S-net. Synthetic pressure waveforms at those sensors were computed for 64 earthquake tsunami scenarios with magnitude ranging between M8.0 and M8.8. The pressure waveforms within a time window of 500 s after an earthquake were classified into three types. Type 1 has the following pressure waveform characteristic: the pressure decreases and remains low; sensors exhibiting waveforms associated with Type 1 are located inside a co-seismic uplift area. The pressure waveform characteristic of Type 2 is that one up-pulse of a wave is within the time window; sensors exhibiting waveforms associated with Type 2 are located at the edge of the co-seismic uplift area. The other pressure waveforms are classified as Type 3. Subsequently, we developed a method to estimate the uplift area using those three classifications of pressure waveforms at sensors in S-net and a method to estimate earthquake magnitude from the estimated uplift area using a regression line. We systematically applied those methods for two cases of previous large earthquakes: the 1952 Tokachi-oki earthquake (Mw8.2) and the 1968 Tokachi-oki earthquake (Mw8.1). The locations of the large computed uplift areas of the earthquakes were well defined by the estimated ones. The estimated magnitudes of the 1952 and 1968 Tokachi-oki earthquakes from the estimated uplift area were 8.2 and 7.9, respectively; they are almost consistent with the moment magnitudes derived from the source models. Those results indicate that the tsunami source estimation method developed in this study can be used for near-real time tsunami forecasts.
机译：日本安装了密集的有线观测网络，称为沿日本海沟（S-net）的地震和海啸观测海底观测网络。这项研究旨在利用在S-net的那些传感器处观测到的海底压力数据，开发一种近实时的海啸源估算技术。这些传感器的合成压力波形针对64个地震海啸场景进行了计算，幅度范围在M8.0和M8.8之间。地震后500 s的时间窗口内的压力波形分为三种类型。类型1具有以下压力波形特征：压力降低并保持较低;表现出与类型1相关的波形的传感器位于同震隆起区域内。类型2的压力波形特征是在时间窗口内有一个波的上升脉冲。表现出与类型2相关的波形的传感器位于同震隆起区域的边缘。其他压力波形被分类为类型3。随后，我们开发了一种方法，该方法使用S-net中传感器的压力波形的这三种分类来估计隆起区域，并使用回归线从估计的隆起区域估计地震强度。我们系统地将这些方法应用于以前的两次大地震：1952年的十胜木地震（Mw8.2）和1968年的十胜木地震（Mw8.1）。估计的地震很好地确定了地震的大型计算隆起区的位置。从估计隆起区估计的1952年和1968年十胜井地震震级分别为8.2和7.9;它们几乎与源模型得出的力矩大小一致。这些结果表明，本研究中开发的海啸源估计方法可用于近实时海啸预报。

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