“Free-floating, non-deuterium-burning, substellar objects” are isolated bodies of a few Jupiter masses found in very young open clusters and associations, nearby young moving groups, and in the immediate vicinity of the Sun. They are neither brown dwarfs nor planets. In this paper, their nomenclature, history of discovery, sites of detection, formation mechanisms, and future directions of research are reviewed. Most free-floating, non-deuterium-burning, substellar objects share the same formation mechanism as low-mass stars and brown dwarfs, but there are still a few caveats, such as the value of the opacity mass limit, the minimum mass at which an isolated body can form via turbulent fragmentation from a cloud. The least massive free-floating substellar objects found to date have masses of about 0.004 M sol , but current and future surveys should aim at breaking this record. For that, we may need LSST, Euclid and WFIRST .
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机译：“自由漂浮，不燃烧氘的亚星体”是在非常年轻的开放星团和协会，附近的年轻移动群体以及太阳附近发现的一些木星团的孤立体。他们既不是棕矮星，也不是行星。本文对它们的命名，发现历史，检测部位，形成机理以及未来的研究方向进行了综述。大多数自由漂浮，不燃烧氘的亚星体与低质量恒星和褐矮星具有相同的形成机制，但仍然存在一些警告，例如不透明质量极限的值，最小质量一个孤立的物体可以通过云的湍流破碎而形成。迄今为止发现的最小质量的自由漂浮的星下天体的质量约为0.004 M sol，但是当前和将来的调查都应力求打破这一记录。为此，我们可能需要LSST，Euclid和WFIRST。
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