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Are We There Yet? A Review and Assessment of Archaeological Passive Airborne Optical Imaging Approaches in the Light of Landscape Archaeology

机译：我们到了吗？景观考古学对考古被动机载光学成像方法的回顾与评估

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Archaeologists often rely on passive airborne optical remote sensing to deliver some of the core data for (European) landscape archaeology projects. Despite the many technological and theoretical evolutions that have characterised this field of archaeology, the dominant aerial photographic surveys, but also less common approaches to archaeological airborne reconnaissance, still suffer from many inherent biases imposed by sub-par sampling strategies, cost, instrument availability and post-processing issues. This paper starts with the concept of landscape (archaeology) and uses it to frame archaeological airborne remote sensing. After introducing the need for bias reduction when sampling an already distorted archaeological population and expanding on the ‘theory-neutral’ claim of aerial survey, the paper presents eight key characteristics that all have the potential to increase or decrease the subjectivity and bias when collecting airborne optical imagery with passive sensors. Within this setting, the paper then offers some technological-methodological reflection on the various passive airborne optical imaging solutions that landscape archaeology has come to rely upon in the past decades. In doing so, it calls into question the effectiveness and suitability of these highly subjective approaches for landscape archaeology. Finally, the paper proposes a new, more objective approach to aerial optical image acquisition with passive sensors. In the discussion, the text argues that the suggested exhaustive (or total) airborne sampling of the preserved archaeological record might transcend particular theoretical paradigms, while the data generated could span various interpretational perspectives and oppositional analytical approaches in landscape archaeology.
机译：考古学家通常依靠无源机载光学遥感技术来为（欧洲）景观考古项目提供一些核心数据。尽管考古学领域具有许多技术和理论上的发展，但占主导地位的航空摄影勘测以及不常见的考古机载侦察方法仍然受到低于平均水平的采样策略，成本，仪器可用性和可靠性所带来的许多固有偏差的影响。后处理问题。本文从景观（考古学）的概念入手，并用它来构筑考古学的机载遥感。在对已经变形的考古种群进行采样并引入航测的“理论中立”主张后，引入了减少偏差的需求之后，本文提出了八个关键特征，它们都可能在收集机载时增加或减少主观性和偏差。带无源传感器的光学图像。在此背景下，本文对过去几十年来景观考古所依赖的各种无源机载光学成像解决方案提供了一些技术方法上的思考。在这样做的过程中，它使人质疑这些高度主观的景观考古方法的有效性和适用性。最后，本文提出了一种新的，更客观的，采用无源传感器的航空光学图像采集方法。在讨论中，本文认为建议对保存的考古记录进行详尽的（或全部）空中采样可能会超越特定的理论范式，而生成的数据可能会涵盖景观考古学的各种解释观点和对立的分析方法。

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