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Spatially Distributed Evaluation of ESA CCI Soil Moisture Products in a Northern Boreal Forest Environment

机译：北方北方森林环境中ESA CCI土壤水分产品的空间分布评估

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Several previous studies have discussed the challenges in remotely sensed soil moisture retrievals over northern boreal environments. However, very few studies have focused solely on an evaluation of these products specifically over these areas. This study provides an in-depth evaluation of the European Space Agency’s (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) Soil Moisture (SM) product and its components; ACTIVE and PASSIVE soil moisture retrievals. The performance of a spatially distributed soil moisture model (SAC-SMA) is first validated with in situ observations collected from the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s (FMI) multidisciplinary research center near the town of Sodankyl?, in Northern Finland. SAC-SMA model top soil layer moisture estimates are then used for spatially distributed ESA CCI SM product evaluation. The study domain covers an area of 155 km by 140 km. Evaluation is performed for thawed/snow-free periods between 2003 and 2015. The ACTIVE product exhibits high correlations with SAC-SMA soil moisture estimates during most analyzed years. The presence of high inter-pixel soil moisture time series cross-correlation, even between pixels with very different soil/vegetation type distributions, as well as the inconsistent performance between analyzed years, is problematic. The PASSIVE product is able to more consistently capture the trend in soil moisture variation; although the trend is seemingly captured, the rapid response to precipitation events is less accurate. Our results indicate that, in contrast to other previous studies, despite the challenges, the ESA CCI SM products do exhibit reasonably good performance, and that further improvements, even with current Earth Observation methods, may be possible.
机译：先前的一些研究已经讨论了北方寒带环境下遥感土壤水分获取中的挑战。但是，很少有研究专门针对这些领域的产品进行评估。这项研究对欧洲航天局（ESA）的气候变化倡议（CCI）的土壤水分（SM）产品及其成分进行了深入评估;主动和被动土壤水分回收。首先通过从芬兰北部Sodankyl？镇附近的芬兰气象研究所（FMI）多学科研究中心收集的原位观测资料验证了空间分布的土壤水分模型（SAC-SMA）的性能。然后，将SAC-SMA模型的顶层土壤层水分估算值用于空间分布的ESA CCI SM产品评估。研究领域覆盖155公里乘140公里。对2003年至2015年的解冻/无雪期进行了评估。在大多数分析年份中，ACTIVE产品与SAC-SMA土壤湿度估计值具有高度相关性。即使在具有非常不同的土壤/植被类型分布的像素之间，以及在所分析年份之间的性能不一致，高像素间土壤水分时间序列互相关的存在也是有问题的。 PASSIVE产品能够更一致地捕获土壤水分变化趋势;尽管看似捕捉到了这种趋势，但对降水事件的快速响应却不太准确。我们的结果表明，与其他先前的研究相比，尽管面临挑战，但ESA CCI SM产品确实表现出相当不错的性能，并且即使采用当前的“地球观测”方法，也可能进一步改进。

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