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Basin Resonance and Seismic Hazard in Jakarta, Indonesia

机译：印度尼西亚雅加达的盆地共振和地震危险

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We use earthquake ground motion modelling via Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs) and numerical simulation of seismic waves to consider the effects of site amplification and basin resonance in Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia. While spectral accelerations at short periods are sensitive to near-surface conditions (i.e., V S 30 , average shear-wave velocity at topmost 30 m of soil), our results suggest that, for basins as deep as Jakarta’s, available GMPEs cannot be relied on to accurately estimate the effect of basin depth on ground motions at long periods (3 s). Amplitudes at such long periods are influenced by trapping of seismic waves in the basin, resulting in longer duration of strong ground motion, and interference between incoming and reflected waves as well as focusing at basin edges may amplify seismic waves. In order to simulate such phenomena in detail, a basin model derived from a previous study is used as a computational domain for deterministic earthquake scenario modeling in a 2-dimensional cross-section. A M w 9.0 megathrust, a M w 6.5 crustal thrust and a M w 7.0 intraslab earthquake are chosen as scenario events that pose credible threats to Jakarta, and the interactions with the basin of seismic waves generated by these events were simulated. The highest long-period PGVs amplifications are recorded at sites near the middle of the basin and near its southern edge, with maximum amplifications of PGV in the horizontal component of 726% for the crustal, 1500% for the megathrust and 1125% for the deep intraslab earthquake scenario, respectively. We find that the levels of response spectral acceleration fall below those of the 2012 Indonesian building Codes’s design response spectra for short periods (1 s), but closely approach or may even exceed these levels for longer periods.
机译：我们使用通过地面运动预测方程（GMPE）进行的地震地面运动建模和地震波的数值模拟，来考虑印度尼西亚首都雅加达的场地放大和盆地共振的影响。尽管短期内的频谱加速度对近地表条件敏感（即VS 30，即土壤最顶层30 m处的平均剪切波速度），但我们的结果表明，对于像雅加达这样深的盆地，不能依赖可用的GMPE。准确估算盆地深度对长时间（> 3 s）地震动的影响。在盆地中如此长的振幅会受到盆地中地震波的捕获的影响，从而导致更长的强地面运动持续时间，并且入射波和反射波之间的干扰以及聚焦在盆地边缘可能会放大地震波。为了详细模拟这种现象，将先前研究得出的盆地模型用作二维截面中确定性地震情景建模的计算域。选择了9.0级大推力，6.5级地壳推力和7.0级板内地震作为对雅加达构成可信威胁的情景事件，并模拟了与这些事件产生的地震波盆的相互作用。在盆地中部及其南部边缘附近的地​​点记录到了最高的长周期PGV放大率，其中地壳中PGV的最大放大率分别为726％，超大推力1500％和深部1125％。板内地震场景。我们发现，响应频谱加速度的水平在短时间内（<1 s）低于2012年印度尼西亚建筑法规的设计响应频谱，但更接近甚至更长的时间甚至超过了这些水平。

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