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首页> 外文期刊>GMS Current Topics in Otorhinolaringology - Head and Neck Surgery >Current requirements for polymeric biomaterials in otolaryngology
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Current requirements for polymeric biomaterials in otolaryngology

机译：耳鼻喉科高分子生物材料的当前要求

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In recent years otolaryngology was strongly influenced by newly developed implants which are based on both, innovative biomaterials and novel implant technologies. Since the biomaterials are integrated into biological systems they have to fulfill all technical requirements and accommodate biological interactions. Technical functionality relating to implant specific mechanical properties, a sufficiently high stability in terms of physiological conditions, and good biocompatibility are the demands with regard to suitability of biomaterials. The goal in applying biomaterials for implants is to maintain biofunctionality over extended periods of time. These general demands to biomaterials are equally valid for use in otolaryngology. Different classes of materials can be utilized as biomaterials. Metals belong to the oldest biomaterials. In addition, alloys, ceramics, inorganic glasses and composites have been tested successfully. Furthermore, natural and synthetic polymers are widely used materials, which will be in the focus of the current article with regard to their properties and usage as cochlear implants, osteosynthesis implants, stents, and matrices for tissue engineering. Due to their application as permanent or temporary implants materials are differentiated into biostable and biodegradable polymers. The here identified general and up to date requirements for biomaterials and the illustrated applications in otolaryngology emphasize ongoing research efforts in this area and at the same time demonstrate the high significance of interdisciplinary cooperation between natural sciences, engineering, and medical sciences.
机译：近年来，耳鼻喉科受到新开发的植入物的强烈影响，这些植入物均基于创新的生物材料和新颖的植入物技术。由于生物材料已集成到生物系统中，因此它们必须满足所有技术要求并适应生物相互作用。关于植入物的特定机械性能，在生理条件方面足够高的稳定性以及良好的生物相容性的技术功能是对生物材料适用性的要求。将生物材料应用于植入物的目的是在延长的时间内保持生物功能。这些对生物材料的一般要求同样适用于耳鼻喉科。不同种类的材料可以用作生物材料。金属属于最古老的生物材料。此外，合金，陶瓷，无机玻璃和复合材料也已成功测试。此外，天然和合成聚合物是广泛使用的材料，就其性质和用作耳蜗植入物，骨合成植入物，支架和组织工程用基质而言，这将是当前文章的重点。由于其作为永久性或临时性植入物的应用，材料被分为生物稳定和可生物降解的聚合物。此处确定的生物材料的一般要求和最新要求以及耳鼻喉科的插图应用强调了该领域正在进行的研究工作，同时证明了自然科学，工程学和医学之间跨学科合作的高度重要性。

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