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首页> 外文期刊>Great Plains Research >“Wading to Pembina”: 1849 Spring and Summer Weather in the Valley of the Red River of the North and Some Climatic Implications
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“Wading to Pembina”: 1849 Spring and Summer Weather in the Valley of the Red River of the North and Some Climatic Implications

机译：“涉水奔波”：1849年春夏两季的北部红河谷天气及其气候意义

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摘要

The weather of 1849 in the central Great Plains and western interior of the United States has been reconstructed in numerous analyses of diaries from the mass migration to the California goldfields, military post records, and other archival materials. These studies have demonstrated that the spring and summer periods of 1849 were unusually cold and wet, particularly in the eastern region of the Oregon Trail (near Kansas City). Historical sources from the valley of the Red River of the North of North Dakota, Minnesota, and Manitoba support this contention and extend the climatic reconstruction 1,000 km northward. Spring breakup of the Red River was exceptionally late, snow fell in the Red River Settlement on several days in late May, and widespread, heavy rainfall from June to August caused unusual and protracted flooding of the Red River and its tributaries. Instrumental records from Fort Snelling and Norway House confirm the anecdotal accounts. Similarly abnormal weather was produced by the July, 1958 synoptic pattern and it is suggested that this pattern may provide a suitable large-scale analog than others which have been suggested. As unusual as these observations appear to be when compared with the modern record, they may have been more typical of conditions on the Great Plains in the first half of the nineteenth century.
机译：1849年的天气在美国中部大平原和美国西部内陆地区进行了大量的日记分析，包括从大规模迁徙到加利福尼亚金矿的土地，军事哨所记录和其他档案材料。这些研究表明，1849年的春季和夏季异常寒冷和潮湿，特别是在俄勒冈小径的东部地区（堪萨斯城附近）。来自北达科他州北部，明尼苏达州和曼尼托巴省的红河谷的历史资料支持这一论点，并将气候重建范围向北扩展了1000公里。红河的春季中断特别晚，5月下旬的几天在红河定居区降雪，6月至8月的大范围降雨导致红河及其支流的洪水异常漫长。斯内灵堡和挪威之家的文书记录证实了这些传闻。类似地，1958年7月的天气模式也产生了异常天气，建议这种模式可能提供比其他建议的模式更合适的大规模模拟。与现代记录相比，这些观测结果看起来很不寻常，但在19世纪上半叶的大平原地区可能更为典型。

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