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首页> 外文期刊>Great Plains Research >Review of The Minds of the West: Ethnocultural Evolution in the Rural Middle West, 1830-1917 by Jon Gjerde
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Review of The Minds of the West: Ethnocultural Evolution in the Rural Middle West, 1830-1917 by Jon Gjerde

机译：乔恩·杰德（Jon Gjerde）的《西方思想：中西部农村的民族文化变迁》，1830-1917

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In his paradigm-shifting essay, Frederick Jackson Turner conceptualized a frontier West in which freedom and opportunity inexorably invested millions of European immigrants with a universal American identity. Revisiting the same phenomenon a century later, Jon Gjerde demonstrates convincingly that "the juxtaposition of cultural patterns-the minds-and environmental possibilities in a region diverse in cultural traditions and rich in resources-the West-... was replete with tension, conflict, even paradox." Moreover, he challenges the simplistic notion of undifferentiated "Americanization" with the brilliantly nuanced concepts of "ethnicization," "complementary identity," and "layered allegiances." Although briefly acknowledging that these complex interactions between cultural patterns and economic opportunities and constraints are fundamental to U.S. history, Gjerde carefully confines his paradigm-building to the interplay between Yankee and European "minds" in the upper Midwest during the nineteenth century, both because such activities were "magnified and isolated there" and because that region has served as a "metaphor for opportunity in the white American mind," a place, he argues "where cultural differences were muted and where the concept of the American people was forged." It is that intensive focus that is simultaneously the book's greatest strength and the source of its one significant shortcoming.
机译：弗雷德里克·杰克逊·特纳（Frederick Jackson Turner）在他的范式转移论文中，对边境西部进行了概念化，其中自由和机会无数地以普遍的美国身份投资了数百万欧洲移民。一个世纪后，乔恩·杰尔德再次回顾了同样的现象，令人信服地表明：“在文化传统多样且资源丰富的地区（西部），文化模式（思想和环境的可能性）的并置充满了紧张，冲突，甚至自相矛盾。”此外，他以“民族化”，“互补身份”和“分层效忠”的精妙细微的概念，挑战了未分化的“美国化”的简单化概念。尽管短暂地承认文化模式与经济机会和制约因素之间的这些复杂相互作用是美国历史的基础，但杰尔德仍将其范式构建仅限于洋基与19世纪中西部上层欧洲“思想”之间的相互作用，这都是因为他认为，“那里的活动被放大和孤立了”，并且因为该地区一直是“美国白人思想中机会的隐喻”，所以他认为“这里的文化差异被淡化了，美国人的观念被伪造了”。集中精力既是本书的最大优点，也是其主要缺点的来源。

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