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首页> 外文期刊>Global Ecology and Conservation >Effects of eucalyptus plantations on avian and herb species richness and composition in North-West Spain
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Effects of eucalyptus plantations on avian and herb species richness and composition in North-West Spain

机译：桉树人工林对西班牙西北部鸟类和草本物种丰富度和组成的影响

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Eucalyptus plantations have been established in many areas of the world due to their fast growth and profitability. In NW Spain, Eucalyptus plantations now cover a larger area than native forests. Although Eucalyptus plantations have been shown to affect biodiversity, relatively few studies have compared their effect on multiple taxonomic groups and different aspects of biodiversity. We compared herb and bird species richness and bird abundance between 14 paired patches of native deciduous forest and Eucalyptus plantations in a heterogeneous agro-forest region of NW Spain. We also investigated whether Eucalyptus plantations contribute to shifts in community composition by analysing species nestedness and turnover. We found that species richness of both herbs and birds was consistently lower in Eucalyptus plantations compared to native forests. Furthermore, the abundances of bird species characteristic of agricultural, forest, scrubland and other habitats, were all much lower in Eucalyptus plantations than in native forests. Herb and bird communities were also significantly dissimilar between the two habitats, but as a result of different ecological processes. Species turnover explained variation between habitats in herb composition, such that species present in native forests were typical for both farmland and forest habitats, whereas those present in Eucalyptus plantations were typical for scrub and farmland habitats. In contrast, bird assemblages showed a significant nested subset pattern, with fewer species in Eucalyptus plantations compared to native forests. In total, the relative abundance of cavity-nesting forest birds was at least 64% higher in native forests. Our results show that Eucalyptus plantations cannot replace native forests as they harbour different herb species and only a subset of the bird species found in native forests. Considering the current rate of increase of Eucalyptus plantations and the fragmentation of native forests in NW Spain, a lack of conservation of native forests could result in future loss of biodiversity in general and forest specialist species in particular.
机译：桉树人工林由于其快速增长和盈利能力而在世界许多地区都已建立。在西班牙西北部，桉树种植园现在比原生林覆盖的面积更大。尽管已证明桉树人工林会影响生物多样性，但很少有研究比较它们对多种生物分类群和生物多样性不同方面的影响。我们比较了西班牙西北部异质农林区的14个成对的原生落叶林和桉树人工林之间的草本和鸟类物种丰富度和鸟类丰度。我们还通过分析物种的巢度和周转率来调查桉树人工林是否有助于社区组成的转变。我们发现，与本地森林相比，桉树人工林的草本植物和鸟类的物种丰富度始终较低。此外，桉树人工林的农业，森林，灌木丛和其他栖息地的鸟类物种丰富度都比原生林低得多。两种栖息地之间的草本和鸟类群落也明显不同，但这是生态过程不同的结果。物种更新解释了草本植物组成中生境之间的差异，因此原生林中存在的物种是农田和森林生境的典型代表，而桉树人工林中存在的物种是灌木丛和农田生境的典型代表。相比之下，与天然森林相比，桉树人工林中鸟类的组合表现出明显的嵌套亚组模式，物种较少。总体而言，原生森林中，巢穴林鸟的相对丰度至少高出64％。我们的结果表明，桉树人工林不能替代天然林，因为它们拥有不同的草本物种，而只有原生林中发现的鸟类物种的一部分。考虑到西班牙西北部桉树种植园目前的增长速度和原生林的破碎化，缺乏原生林的养护可能会导致未来特别是森林特别是物种的生物多样性丧失。

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