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首页> 外文期刊>Global Ecology and Conservation >Patterns of livestock depredation by snow leopards and other large carnivores in the Central Himalayas, Nepal
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Patterns of livestock depredation by snow leopards and other large carnivores in the Central Himalayas, Nepal

机译：尼泊尔喜马拉雅山中部的雪豹和其他大型食肉动物对牲畜的掠夺模式

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摘要

Quantifying livestock losses due to large carnivores and understanding the impact on local people is vital for formulating long-term mitigation strategies. In the large Annapurna-Manaslu landscape (6621?kmsup2/sup) in the central Himalayas, Nepal, we conducted a semi-structured questionnaire survey to quantitatively assess livestock losses due to snow leopards, wolves, and other carnivores. We aimed at assessing how livestock losses were related to the sizes and species composition of herds as well as the ecological conditions within the grazing areas, i.e. topography, and densities of predators and wild and domestic prey. We interviewed 428 respondents - 184 were selected randomly (“random households”) - for estimating extent of loss due to carnivore predation, and 244 respondents were from households with known depredation losses (“conflict households”). Compared to other studies in Nepal and elsewhere, losses were quite low (i.e. 0.9% and 2.0% among random- and conflict households, respectively), presumably due to the large spatial scale of our study and large variation among villages. The large variation suggests that the human-wildlife conflict requires site-specific mitigation measures. Snow leopards were responsible for more than half of the kills (62%), while wolves killed an estimated 17%. Using generalized linear mixed effects models, we found that the probability of loss increased with herd size, more so among those owning mainly large stock (e.g. yak and horses). We suspect that this might be due to large stock herds being less attended and more dispersed while grazing. The impact of wild prey density revealed that the probability of loss was lowest in areas of high density of wild prey and low density of livestock, and highest in areas where both livestock and wild prey was abundant. This illustrates that the relationship between livestock loss and natural prey abundance is complex and context dependent, and it is therefore difficult to predict the outcome of management actions aimed at enhancing the natural prey base.
机译：对大型食肉动物造成的牲畜损失进行量化，并了解其对当地居民的影响，对于制定长期缓解策略至关重要。在尼泊尔喜马拉雅山中部的大安纳布尔纳峰-马纳斯卢峰景观（6621？km 2 ）中，我们进行了半结构化问卷调查，以定量评估由于雪豹，狼和其他食肉动物造成的牲畜损失。我们旨在评估牲畜损失与畜群的大小和物种组成以及放牧区域内的生态状况（即地形，捕食者以及野生和家养猎物的密度）之间的关系。我们采访了428位受访者-随机选择了184位（“随机家庭”），以估计食肉动物捕食造成的损失程度，而244位受访者来自已知折旧损失的家庭（“冲突家庭”）。与尼泊尔和其他地方的其他研究相比，损失非常低（即随机家庭和冲突家庭分别为0.9％和2.0％），这可能是由于我们的研究规模大且村庄之间差异大。较大的差异表明，人与野生动物之间的冲突需要针对特定​​地点的缓解措施。雪豹造成了一半以上的死亡（62％），而狼杀死了大约17％。使用广义线性混合效应模型，我们发现损失的可能性随着畜群规模的增加而增加，在主要拥有大量牲畜（例如牛和马）的牲畜中损失的可能性更大。我们怀疑这可能是由于放牧时牲畜数量较少而分散较多。野生猎物密度的影响表明，在野生猎物密度高而牲畜密度低的地区，损失的可能性最低，而在牲畜和野生猎物都丰富的地区，损失的可能性最高。这说明牲畜损失与自然猎物丰富度之间的关系是复杂的且取决于环境，因此很难预测旨在增强自然猎物基础的管理行动的结果。

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