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Optimizing the use of endangered species in multi-population collection, captive breeding and release programs

机译：在多种群收集，圈养繁殖和释放计划中优化使用濒危物种

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Evaluating the spectrum of risks and rewards of captive breeding and release is central to identifying responsible conservation actions for declining species. Trade-offs among source, captive, and target wild populations are expected when optimizing the use of the last few remaining individuals of a population. Yet few analyses are conducted to optimize the choice of source population from which animals are collected and released. Using linked scenarios, we evaluated the risks and rewards of collection, ex situ rearing, and release of endangered Greater Sage-grouse in Canada. We integrated demographic rates from captive populations with wild population abundance, demography, and habitat relationships in a spatially explicit individual-based model framework for multiple populations across national and international borders. We quantified the potential for released birds to improve wild abundance and reduce extinction risk in two target wild populations. To gain general insight, we compared risks and rewards among different source and target population sizes and trajectories. The risks caused by removing individuals from the wild depended on the number of animals removed, and source abundance and trajectory, and were partially obscured by stochasticity. Releases into small and rapidly declining populations provided the greatest near-term reductions in extinction risk, but improvements were short-term. Yet releases into larger and more stable populations resulted in longer lasting conservation benefits than in more vulnerable populations but required greater initial release effort. Systematic modeling approaches that evaluate a spectrum of trade-offs and quantify conservation risks and benefits can help direct the expectations and effort invested in captive breeding and release programs.
机译：评估圈养繁殖和释放的风险和报酬的范围对于确定负责的物种减少的保护行动至关重要。当优化种群剩余的最后几个个体的使用时，期望在源，圈养和目标野生种群之间进行权衡。然而，很少进行分析来优化从中收集和释放动物的来源种群的选择。使用链接的方案，我们评估了加拿大濒危的大圣人松鸡的收集，异地饲养和释放的风险和回报。我们在一个空间明确的基于个体的模型框架中，将圈养种群的人口统计学特征与野生种群的丰富度，人口统计学以及栖息地的关系综合起来，以跨越国家和国际边界。我们量化了释放的鸟类在两个目标野生种群中改善野生种群数量并降低灭绝风险的潜力。为了获得一般的见解，我们比较了不同来源和目标人群的规模和轨迹之间的风险和回报。从野外驱逐个体所引起的风险取决于被驱逐的动物数量，来源的丰富程度和轨迹，并且被随机性部分掩盖了。释放到数量迅速减少的小型种群中，最大程度地减少了灭绝风险，但短期内却有所改善。然而，与更脆弱的人群相比，向更大，更稳定的人群中释放所产生的保护收益更长，但需要更大的初始释放努力。系统的建模方法可以评估各种折衷方案，并量化保护风险和收益，可以帮助指导在圈养繁殖和释放计划中投入的期望和努力。

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