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Managing Bison to Restore Biodiversity

机译：管理野牛以恢复生物多样性

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Prior to their demise in the late 1800s, bison coexisted with and helped sustain a diverse and spectacular assemblage of animals and plant communities on the Great Plains. Bison, in concert with fire, exerted strong control on the structure of the vegetation by grazing, trampling, and wallowing. The changes in the vegetation induced changes in many animal populations. These impacts, coupled with the bison's role as the major converter of grass to meat, so greatly affected other species that some have called bison a "keystone" species in the Great Plains ecosystem. The black-tailed prairie dog, dependent on bison grazing over a large part of the Great Plains, amplified the keystone influence of bison by its own grazing and burrowing activities and its utility as prey. Although modern bison-growing practices usually will preclude restoration of the large predators and scavengers that once were a part of the great faunal spectacle, other species can return, often even on small acreages. Maintenance of a habitat mosaic is the key to restoring some of the original biodiversity lost to the historic pursuit of single species pastoralism.
机译：在1800年代后期灭绝之前，野牛与大平原上的动植物群落共存并帮助维持了它们的多样性。野牛与火协同作用，通过放牧，践踏和打滚对植被结构进行了强有力的控制。植被的变化引起了许多动物种群的变化。这些影响，再加上野牛作为草到肉的主要转化者的作用，极大地影响了其他物种，有人将野牛称为大平原生态系统中的“基石”物种。这只黑尾土拨鼠依靠野牛在大平原的大部分地区放牧，通过其自身的放牧和挖穴活动及其作为猎物的作用，扩大了野牛的基石影响力。尽管现代的野牛饲养方法通常会阻止恢复曾经是大型动物区系的一部分的大型掠食者和清道夫，但其他物种也可以返回，甚至在很小的面积上也可以返回。维持栖息地镶嵌图是恢复因单一物种放牧而对历史的追求所失去的一些原始生物多样性的关键。

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