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首页> 外文期刊>Engaging Science, Technology, and Society >The WHO EMF Project: Legitimating the Imaginary of Global Harmonization of EMF Safety Standards
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The WHO EMF Project: Legitimating the Imaginary of Global Harmonization of EMF Safety Standards

机译：世卫组织EMF项目：使EMF安全标准在全球范围内统一的设想合法化

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An important topic for studies of STS and globalization are the ways “global” institutions create and attempt to implement health guidelines and safety standards to address risks associated with new technologies. In the following discussion this topic is examined through a case study of the activities of the World Health Organization’s Electric and Magnetic Field Project (WHO EMF Project). EMF exposures are associated with telecommunications and electrical infrastructure, most notably high voltage power-lines, radio and cell towers and the use of mobile telephones. The controversy over setting international safety standards and health guidelines has simmered for a number of decades. The mainstream “regulatory science” position has been that it is unlikely EMF’s constitute a significant health risk and therefore minimal regulatory intervention or significant precautionary considerations are required. A small but persistent stream of scientific studies nevertheless have continued to raise significant health concerns and have led to calls for regulators to build stronger precautionary approaches into EMF standards and guidelines. The WHO EMF project was established in 1996 in an attempt to discourage this situation leading to different nation states adopting strong precautionary approaches and developing a diversity of national EMF safety standards and health guidelines. In the following discussion I will explore the history of the WHO EMF Project and the strategies it has used to pursue its goal of global harmonization of EMF science, safety standards and guidelines. Three important strategies used by the WHO EMF Project have involved: appeals to technological determinism, developing bespoke models for sound science, and setting the boundaries between science and policy to attempt to exclude their opponents from the policy making arena.
机译：研究STS和全球化的一个重要主题是“全球”机构如何创建并尝试实施健康指南和安全标准，以解决与新技术相关的风险。在下面的讨论中，通过对世界卫生组织的电场和磁场项目（WHO EMF项目）的活动进行案例研究来研究此主题。 EMF暴露与电信和电气基础设施有关，最显着的是高压电力线，无线电塔和蜂窝塔以及移动电话的使用。制定国际安全标准和健康准则的争议已经酝酿了数十年。主流的“监管科学”立场是，EMF不太可能构成重大健康风险，因此需要最少的监管干预或重大的预防注意事项。然而，一小部分持续不断的科学研究却继续引起人们对健康的严重关注，并导致要求监管机构将更强的预防措施纳入EMF标准和指南中。 WHO EMF项目成立于1996年，目的是阻止这种情况的发生，导致不同的民族国家采取强有力的预防措施，并制定出多种国家的EMF安全标准和健康指南。在下面的讨论中，我将探讨WHO EMF项目的历史及其为实现EMF科学，安全标准和指南的全球统一目标所采用的策略。 WHO EMF项目使用的三个重要策略涉及：呼吁技术确定性，开发健全科学的定制模型以及在科学与政策之间设定界限以试图将其对手排除在决策领域之外。

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