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The cerebellum in Autism

机译：自闭症的小脑

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Autism is considered as a neurodevelopmental disorder which affects boys more than girls, in a proportion 4:1 respectively. Autism presents neuroanatomical abnormalities located in the frontal cortex, the amygdala and the cerebellum. Autistic cerebellar postmortem studies have revealed a reduced number of Purkinje cells as well as a reduced Purkinje cell size when compared with non-autistic subjects. These anatomical alterations compromise the role of the cerebellum in cognitive, motor, emotional, learning and memory neural processes resulting in a different interpretation of the world, and therefore a different way to respond and behave. There are both biological and environmental insults causing the behavioral and neuroanatomical autistic phenotype. Valproic acid, an antiepileptic drug, has been related to some autistic cases after mothers were under medication with this drug during the first trimester of gestation and given birth autistic children. Therefore, in this brief review we analyzed the most recent advances of autism research in humans, with a primary focus on the use of valproic acid as a teratogen that mimics in rats some of the neuroanatomical alterations seen in autistic humans. In addition to the peculiar cerebellar pathology, all of this to shed light on a better understating of this disorder.
机译：自闭症被认为是一种神经发育障碍，对男孩的影响比对女孩的影响更大，比例分别为4：1。自闭症表现出位于额叶皮层，杏仁核和小脑的神经解剖异常。自闭症小脑的死后研究显示，与非自闭症受试者相比，Purkinje细胞数量减少，Purkinje细胞大小减少。这些解剖学上的改变损害了小脑在认知，运动，情绪，学习和记忆神经过程中的作用，导致对世界的不同解释，因此也就产生了不同的反应和行为方式。行为和神经解剖自闭症表型都有生物学和环境方面的侮辱。丙戊酸（一种抗癫痫药）与某些自闭症病例有关，因为母亲在妊娠的前三个月使用这种药物进行药物治疗，并生育了自闭症的孩子。因此，在这篇简短的综述中，我们分析了人类自闭症研究的最新进展，主要侧重于使用丙戊酸作为致畸剂，模仿大鼠自闭症人类的某些神经解剖学改变。除了特殊的小脑病理外，所有这些都有助于更好地低估这种疾病。

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