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Fuel Conditions Associated with Native and Exotic Grasses in a Subtropical Dry Forest in Puerto Rico

机译：波多黎各亚热带干旱森林中与原生草和外来草相关的燃料状况

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Exotic grasses capable of increasing frequency and intensity of anthropogenic fire have invaded subtropical and tropical dry forests worldwide. Since many dry forest trees are susceptible to fire, this can result in decline of native species and loss of forest cover. While the contribution of exotic grasses to altered fire regimes has been well documented, the role of native grasses in contributing to fuel loads in dry forest has received little attention. We assessed differences in fuel conditions among native and exotic grasses within a subtropical dry forest preserve in Puerto Rico. We quantified fine fuel loads, fuel continuity, and seasonal changes in percent dead grass among the following grass patch types: (1) native grass with no known history of recent fire, (2) exotic grass that had burned once (single burn), and (3) exotic grass that burns frequently. Sampling was conducted during one wet season (August to October 2008) and again in the following dry season (February to March 2009). Overall, fine fuel loading was highest in native grass, but this was due to woody fuels rather than grass fuels. Percent of dead grass fuels increased with the transition from wet to dry season, and this increase was more pronounced for exotic grasses. Fuel continuity was highest in frequently burned exotic grass. Differences in grass phenology and fuel continuity may contribute to differences in fire frequency among native and exotic grass patches. Fuel management focused on prescribed fire should be used in conjunction with restoration of tree canopy to reduce fuels and limit development of a grass-fire cycle.
机译：能够增加人为火灾频率和强度的外来草入侵了全世界的亚热带和热带干旱森林。由于许多干燥的林木都容易着火，因此可能导致本地物种减少和森林覆盖率下降。尽管外来草对改变火势的贡献已得到充分证明，但天然草在干旱森林中增加燃料负荷的作用却鲜有受到关注。我们评估了波多黎各亚热带干燥森林保护区内原生和外来草之间的燃料状况差异。我们对以下几种草块类型中的细燃料负荷，燃料连续性和枯草百分比的季节变化进行了量化：（1）没有已知近期火灾史的原生草，（2）曾燃烧过一次（单次燃烧）的奇异草， （3）经常燃烧的奇异草。在一个雨季（2008年8月至2008年10月）进行取样，并在随后的旱季（2009年2月至2009年3月）进行取样。总体而言，本地草的细燃料装载量最高，但这是由于木质燃料而不是草燃料。枯草燃料的百分比随着从湿季到旱季的转变而增加，而这种增加对于外来草来说更为明显。在经常燃烧的奇异草中，燃料的连续性最高。草物候和燃料连续性的差异可能会导致本地和外来草丛之间的着火频率差异。应将着重于规定火情的燃料管理与恢复树冠结合使用，以减少燃料并限制草火循环的发展。

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