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On the ethical and political agency of online reputation systems

机译：关于在线声誉系统的伦理和政治代理

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Social and socioeconomic interactions and transactions often require trust. In digital spaces, the main approach to facilitating trust has effectively been to try to reduce or even remove the need for it through the implementation of reputation systems. These generate metrics based on digital data such as ratings and reviews submitted by users, interaction histories, and so on, that are intended to label individuals as more or less reliable or trustworthy in a particular interaction context. We undertake a disclosive archaeology (Introna, 2014) of typical reputation systems, identifying relevant figuration agencies including affordances and prohibitions, (cyborg) identities, (cyborg) practices and discourses, in order to examine their ethico-political agency. We suggest that conventional approaches to the design of such systems are rooted in a capitalist, competitive paradigm, relying on methodological individualism, and that the reputation technologies themselves thus embody and enact this paradigm within whatever space they operate. We question whether the politics, ethics and philosophy that contribute to this paradigm align with those of some of the contexts in which reputation systems are now being used, and suggest that alternative approaches to the establishment of trust and reputation in digital spaces need to be considered for alternative contexts.
机译：社会和社会经济互动与交易通常需要信任。在数字空间中，促进信任的主要方法实际上是试图通过实施信誉系统来减少甚至消除对信任的需求。它们基于数字数据（例如，用户提交的评分和评论，交互历史等）生成度量，这些度量旨在在特定的交互上下文中将个人标记为或多或少可靠或值得信赖。我们对典型声誉系统进行了公开的考古学研究（Introna，2014年），确定了相关的造形机构，包括赠与和禁令，（机器人）身份，（机器人）实践和话语，以便研究其政治政治代理。我们建议，这种系统设计的常规方法源于资本主义的竞争性范式，它依赖于方法论上的个人主义，并且声誉技术本身因此可以在其运作的任何空间中体现并实施这种范式。我们质疑促成这种范式的政治，伦理和哲学是否与现在使用声誉系统的某些环境下的思想相吻合，并建议需要考虑在数字空间中建立信任和声誉的替代方法。用于替代上下文。

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