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Political parties and voter privacy: Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and United States in comparative perspective

机译：政党和选民的隐私：比较视角下的澳大利亚，加拿大，英国和美国

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Political parties are among the most lax, unregulated organizations handling large volumes of personally identifiable data about citizens’ behavior and attitudes. We analyze the privacy practices of political parties in Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, and United States to assess the current state of electorate data, compare regulatory efforts, and offer policy recommendations. While data has long been a part of political practice, there has been a revolution over the last decade in the opportunities for gathering, storing, and acting upon data. Candidates, parties, lobby groups and data–mining firms collect massive amounts of data. They trade analytical tools, databases, and consulting expertise on a vast and unregulated market. In these practices, political actors routinely violate the privacy norms of many citizens. There are also documented cases of data breeches in all four countries. Meanwhile, political parties face relatively few restrictions on their use of data, and have developed a wide variety of largely voluntary privacy policies that are inadequate. We argue that some straightforward policy oversight would significantly improve the way personal records are handled by political actors.
机译：政党是最宽松，不受管制的组织之一，它们处理有关公民行为和态度的大量个人身份数据。我们分析了澳大利亚，加拿大，英国和美国各政党的隐私惯例，以评估选民数据的当前状态，比较监管工作并提供政策建议。尽管数据长期以来一直是政治实践的一部分，但是在过去的十年中，在收集，存储数据以及对数据采取行动方面存在着一场革命。候选人，政党，游说团体和数据挖掘公司收集大量数据。他们在庞大且不受监管的市场上交易分析工具，数据库和咨询专业知识。在这些做法中，政治行为者通常会违反许多公民的隐私规范。在所有四个国家中，也有记录的数据违规案例。同时，政党在使用数据方面受到的限制相对较少，并且已经制定了各种各样的不充分的自愿性隐私政策。我们认为，一些直接的政策监督将大大改善政治角色处理个人记录的方式。

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