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India in international climate governance: Through soft power from REDD to REDD+ policy in favor of relative gains

机译：印度参与国际气候治理：通过从REDD到REDD +政策的软实力，争取相对收益

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This paper seeks to examine India’s role in the politics of a specific climate change mitigation policy called “Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and enhancing forest carbon stocks in developing countries (REDD+)”. It explores India’s strategic behaviour towards the development of REDD policy. The paper argues that India had pushed for the remodelling of the global REDD negotiations by expanding its scope to conservation activities, which entails more direct benefits for India. This is largely due to differences in India’s rates of forest cover and deforestation as compared to high forest - high deforestation countries such as Brazil and Indonesia. To substantiate its argument, the paper uses the main underpinnings of relative gains theory in international relations and applies them toward interpreting India’s behaviour in negotiating REDD+ at global level. Further, the paper analyses the Indian strategies used to remodel the REDD mechanism using insights from soft power theory and its more recent amendments. Thematic analysis of the REDD-relevant documents as well as exploratory expert interviews have been employed for showing India’s proactive role in the politics of REDD+. It is concluded that India indeed played a central role in critical past decisions, which lead to re-shaping REDD due to relative gains concerns and mainly by means of soft power strategies.
机译：本文旨在研究印度在一项特定的气候变化缓解政策的政治中的作用，该政策被称为“减少森林砍伐和森林退化造成的排放，并增加发展中国家的森林碳储量（REDD +）”。它探讨了印度制定REDD政策的战略行为。该论文认为，印度通过扩大其保护活动的范围来推动全球REDD谈判的重塑，这给印度带来了更多直接的利益。这主要是由于印度的森林覆盖率和森林砍伐率与高森林砍伐率较高的国家（如巴西和印度尼西亚）相比有所不同。为了证实其论点，本文使用了相对收益理论在国际关系中的主要基础，并将其用于解释印度在全球范围内谈判REDD +的行为。此外，本文利用来自软实力理论及其最新修正案的见解，分析了用于重塑REDD机制的印度战略。对与REDD有关的文件进行了主题分析，并进行了探索性专家访谈，以显示印度在REDD +政治中的积极作用。结论是，印度确实在过去的关键决策中发挥了中心作用，由于相对收益的担忧，并且主要通过软实力战略的手段，这导致了重塑REDD。

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