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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution >The Development of the Silurian Trilobite Aulacopleura koninckii Reconstructed by Applying Inferred Growth and Segmentation Dynamics: A Case Study in Paleo-Evo-Devo
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The Development of the Silurian Trilobite Aulacopleura koninckii Reconstructed by Applying Inferred Growth and Segmentation Dynamics: A Case Study in Paleo-Evo-Devo

机译：应用推断的生长和分割动力学重建志留系三叶虫Aulacopleura koninckii的发展：一个古Evo Devo案例研究

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Fossilized growth series provide rare glimpses into the development of ancient organisms, illustrating descriptively how size and shape changed through ontogeny. Occasionally fossil preservation is such that it is feasible to test alternative possibilities about how ancient development was regulated. Here we apply inferred developmental parameters pertaining to size, shape, and segmentation in the abundant and well-preserved 429 Myr old trilobite Aulacopleura koninckii that we have investigated previously to reconstruct the post-embryonic ontogeny of this ancient arthropod. Our published morphometric analyses associated with model testing have shown that: specification of the adult number of trunk segments (polymorphic in this species) was determined precociously in ontogeny; that growth regulation was targeted (i.e., compensatory), such that each developmental stage exhibited comparable variance in size and shape; and that growth gradients operating along the main body axis, both during juvenile and adult ontogeny, resulted from a form of growth control based on positional specification. While such developmental features are common among extant organisms, our results represent the oldest evidence for them within Metazoa. Herein, the novel reconstruction of the development of A. koninckii permits visualization of patterns of relative and absolute growth and segmentation as never before possible for a fossilized arthropod ontogeny. By conducting morphometric analysis of appropriate data sets it is thus possible to move beyond descriptive ontogenetic studies and to address questions of high interest for evolutionary developmental biology using data from fossils, which can help elucidate both how developmental processes themselves evolve and how they affect the evolution of organismal body patterning. By extending similar analyses to other cases of exceptional preservation of fossilized ontogeny, we can anticipate beginning to realize the research program of “paleo-evo-devo”.
机译：僵化的生长系列为古代生物的发展提供了难得的机会，描述性地说明了个体发育如何改变大小和形状。有时候，化石的保存是可行的，可以测试有关古代发展如何受到监管的其他可能性。在这里，我们应用了推断的发育参数，这些参数在丰富且保存完好的429 Myr老三叶虫Aulacopleura koninckii中与大小，形状和分段有关，我们先前已对其进行了研究，以重建该古老节肢动物的胚后个体发育。我们发表的与模型测试相关的形态计量学分析表明：躯干节段（该物种中的多态性）成体数目的规格是在个体发育中提前确定的;以生长调节为目标（即补偿性的），以使每个发育阶段在大小和形状上都表现出可比的变化;在青少年和成年个体发育期间，沿着主体轴运行的生长梯度是基于位置规范的一种生长控制形式造成的。尽管这样的发育特征在现存生物中很常见，但我们的结果代表了后生动物中最古老的证据。在这里，新的重建的A. koninckii的发展允许可视化的相对和绝对的增长和分割模式化石节肢动物的个体发育从未有过的可能。通过对适当的数据集进行形态计量分析，从而有可能超越描述性的个体发育研究，并使用化石中的数据解决对进化发育生物学高度关注的问题，这可以帮助阐明发育过程自身如何进化以及它们如何影响进化。生物体模式。通过将类似的分析扩展到化石基因组异常保存的其他案例中，我们可以预期开始实现“古人类发展”的研究计划。

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