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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Microbiology >MicroRNA-Mediated Gene Silencing in Plant Defense and Viral Counter-Defense
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MicroRNA-Mediated Gene Silencing in Plant Defense and Viral Counter-Defense

机译：MicroRNA介导的基因沉默在植物防御和病毒反击中的作用

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FIGURE 1. The biogenesis and regulation mechanisms of plant miRNAs. Plant pri-miRNAs are mostly produced from MIR genes by RNA polymerase II (Pol II). Pri-miRNAs are cleaved into pre-miRNAs by DCL1 with the assistance of SE, dsRBP and HYL1. Pre-miRNAs are further processed into 21–24 nucleotide duplex miRNAs by the combined action of DCL1 and HEN1. Duplex miRNAs are methylated by HEN1 into mature miRNA duplexes and are exported to the cytoplasm through the action of plant exportin 5 ortholog HASTY. The guide-strand (red) is then loaded onto an AGO protein with the help of Hsc70/Hsp90 chaperone and ATP, followed by passenger strand (green) ejection, to form a RISC. There are two modes of plant miRNA action in cytoplasm: in one, the miRNA regulates its target at the protein level through translational inhibition (left); in the other, the miRNA regulates its target at the mRNA level through mRNA cleavage (right). AGO1, Argonaute 1; DCL1, Dicer-like1; SE, Serrate; HEN1, Hua enhancer1; DRB1, Double-strand RNA binding protein1; HYL1, Hyponastic leaves1; RISC, RNA-induced silencing complex.
机译：图1.植物miRNA的生物发生和调控机制。植物pri-miRNA主要由MIR基因通过RNA聚合酶II（Pol II）产生。在SE，dsRBP和HYL1的帮助下，DCL1将Pri-miRNA切割为pre-miRNA。 Pre-miRNA通过DCL1和HEN1的共同作用进一步加工成21–24个核苷酸的双链miRNA。双链miRNA被HEN1甲基化为成熟的miRNA双链，并通过植物exportin 5 ortholog HASTY的作用输出到细胞质。然后在Hsc70 / Hsp90分子伴侣和ATP的帮助下将引导链（红色）加载到AGO蛋白上，然后通过客运链（绿色）弹出，以形成RISC。植物miRNA在细胞质中的作用方式有两种：一种是miRNA通过翻译抑制作用在蛋白质水平上调节其靶标（左）;另一方面，miRNA通过mRNA切割在mRNA水平上调节其靶标（右图）。 AGO1，Argonaute 1; DCL1，类似Dicer1; SE，锯齿; HEN1，华增强剂1; DRB1，双链RNA结合蛋白1; HYL1，低半叶1; RISC，RNA诱导的沉默复合物。

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