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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Marine Science >Fronts at the Surface Ocean Can Shape Distinct Regions of Microbial Activity and Community Assemblages Down to the Bathypelagic Zone: The Azores Front as a Case Study
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Fronts at the Surface Ocean Can Shape Distinct Regions of Microbial Activity and Community Assemblages Down to the Bathypelagic Zone: The Azores Front as a Case Study

机译：表层海洋的锋面可以塑造微生物活动和群落集合的不同区域，直至深水上层带：以亚速尔群岛锋面为例

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Oceanic fronts are widespread features which separate distinct water masses. They are well known to control the distribution of microbial communities in surface waters, although there is scarce information on their role in delimiting critical functions that microbes perform, and on whether their effects can be translated down into the dark ocean. Here we carried out the first study on the variability of hydrolysis of organic matter (extracellular enzymatic activities; EEA) across a permanent front (the Azores Front), coupled with changes in microbial assemblage composition, from the surface down to the bathypelagic zone. The front separated the study area (enclosed into the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyral Province) into two distinct latitudinal sub-regions with sharp differences in the abundance of autotrophic and heterotrophic microbial assemblages, as well as in the extracellular enzymes activities of glucosidases, alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase. South of the front there was an abrupt decline in the abundance of picophytoplankton as well as in heterotrophic prokaryotes with high nucleic-acid content, but an increase in the abundance of prokaryotes with high side-scatter, an indication that cells were growing attached to particles. Concomitantly, there was also an increase in the aminopeptidase to glucosidase ratio, a proxy of higher degradation of proteinaceous material relative to carbohydrates. Interestingly, these sharp changes in microbial assemblages and enzymatic activities north and south of the front were translated down to the deep ocean. Our results suggest that permanent fronts, like the Azores Front, can act as ecological boundaries in the ocean (even within a biogeographical province), in terms of microbial community structure and biogeochemical cycling. Oriented studies on oceanic fronts down to the deep ocean will help to understand how the variability of these widely-extended hydrographic futures will impact microbial communities and carbon cycling in a future ocean affected by trends in global warming, de-oxygenation and acidification.
机译：海洋前沿是广泛的特征，其将不同的水团分开。众所周知，它们控制着地表水中的微生物群落的分布，尽管关于它们在界定微生物所发挥的关键功能方面的作用以及是否可以将其作用转化为暗海的信息很少。在这里，我们进行了关于一个有机物的水解（细胞外酶活性; EEA）在一个永久性前沿（亚速尔群岛前沿）的变异性的研究，以及微生物组合物成分的变化，从表面到深浮游带。前部将研究区域（包围北大西洋亚热带回旋区）分为两个不同的纬度子区域，这些区域在自养和异养微生物组合的丰度以及葡糖苷酶，碱性磷酸酶和亮氨酸氨基肽酶。在前部以南，浮游植物的丰度以及核酸含量高的异养原核生物的数量突然减少，但是高侧向散射的原核生物的数量却增加了，这表明细胞正在生长并附着在颗粒上。同时，氨基肽酶与葡糖苷酶的比率也增加了，这是蛋白质物质相对于碳水化合物的较高降解的代表。有趣的是，这些微生物组合的急剧变化和前部和南部的酶活性被转化为深海。我们的结果表明，就微生物群落结构和生物地球化学循环而言，像亚速尔群岛前锋这样的永久性前沿可以作为海洋（甚至在生物地理省内）的生态边界。面向海洋前沿直至深海的定向研究将有助于了解这些受广泛影响的水文地理学未来的可变性将如何影响受全球变暖，脱氧和酸化趋势影响的未来海洋中的微生物群落和碳循环。

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