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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Physiology >Changes Over a Decade in Anthropometry and Fitness of Elite Austrian Youth Soccer Players
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Changes Over a Decade in Anthropometry and Fitness of Elite Austrian Youth Soccer Players

机译：十年来奥地利优秀青年足球运动员的人体测量学和健身度的变化

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Increases in physical (e.g., high-intensity running and sprinting), technical (e.g., passing rate), and tactical (e.g., player density) aspects made elite level soccer more challenging within the past years. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether these evolutions are also been reflected in changes in anthropometric and fitness characteristics between former (2002 to 2005) and current (2012 to 2015) elite Austrian youth development center (U13 to U14) and soccer academy (U15 to U18) players. A battery of anthropometric, general and soccer-specific fitness tests was conducted annually at the end of each year. Independent t -test and Cohen’s d (ES) were calculated to compare the two four-year periods (2530 vs. 2611 players) at each age group separately. Current players were significantly faster in 20 m sprint (ES = 0.26–0.50) and reaction test (ES = 0.15–0.39, except for U18), but less flexible at sit-and-reach (ES = –0.19 to –0.55), in all age categories. Whereas height (ES = 0.26–0.32), body mass (ES = 0.11–0.18) and countermovement jump (ES = 0.24–0.26) increased significantly at youth development center level, current academy players performed superior at shuttle sprint (ES = 0.21–0.59), hurdles agility run (ES = 0.24–0.49), and endurance run (ES = 0.11–0.20). These changes over time in speed, change-of-direction ability, lower-body power, coordination, and endurance were attributed to modern training approaches (e.g., modified games and change-of-direction drills) and modifications in selection politics (e.g., coaches favor speed and decision-making skills).
机译：在过去几年中，身体（例如高强度的跑步和短跑），技术（例如合格率）和战术（例如运动员密度）方面的增加使精英水平的足球更具挑战性。这项研究的目的是评估在以前（2002年至2005年）和当前（2012年至2015年）奥地利精英青年发展中心（U13至U14）和足球学院之间的人体测量学和健身特征的变化中是否也反映了这些演变（ U15至U18）的玩家。每年年底，每年都要进行一系列人体测量，常规和足球专用的健身测试。计算独立的t检验和科恩d（ES）来分别比较每个年龄段的两个四年期（2530对2611名球员）。当前的运动员在20 m冲刺（ES = 0.26-0.50）和反应测试（ES = 0.15-0.39，U18除外）中明显更快，但在坐地而起时的灵活性较差（ES = –0.19至–0.55），在所有年龄段中。身高（ES = 0.26-0.32），体重（ES = 0.11-0.18）和反身跳动（ES = 0.24-0.26）在青年发展中心处显着增加，而目前的学院球员在短跑冲刺阶段表现更好（ES = 0.21–0.2 0.59），跨栏跑（ES = 0.24-0.49）和耐力跑（ES = 0.11-0.20）。这些速度，方向变化能力，下半身力量，协调性和耐力随时间的变化归因于现代训练方法（例如，改进的游戏和方向变化演习）和选择政治上的变化（例如，教练偏爱速度和决策技巧）。

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