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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Plant Science >Chromosome Doubling of Microspore-Derived Plants from Cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) and Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea var. italica L.)
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Chromosome Doubling of Microspore-Derived Plants from Cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) and Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea var. italica L.)

机译：白菜（甘蓝变种 capitata L。）和西兰花（甘蓝 变种 italica）的小孢子衍生植物的染色体倍增 L.）

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Chromosome doubling of microspore-derived plants is an important factor in the practical application of microspore culture technology because breeding programs require a large number of genetically stable, homozygous doubled haploid plants with a high level of fertility. In the present paper, 29 populations of microspore-derived plantlets from cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var. capitata ) and broccoli ( Brassica oleracea var. italica ) were used to study the ploidy level and spontaneous chromosome doubling of these populations, the artificial chromosome doubling induced by colchicine, and the influence of tissue culture duration on the chromosomal ploidy of the microspore-derived regenerants. Spontaneous chromosome doubling occurred randomly and was genotype dependent. In the plant populations derived from microspores, there were haploids, diploids, and even a low frequency of polyploids and mixed-ploidy plantlets. The total spontaneous doubling in the 14 cabbage populations ranged from 0 to 76.9%, compared with 52.2 to 100% in the 15 broccoli populations. To improve the rate of chromosome doubling, an efficient and reliable artificial chromosome doubling protocol (i.e., the immersion of haploid plantlet roots in a colchicine solution) was developed for cabbage and broccoli microspore-derived haploids. The optimal chromosome doubling of the haploids was obtained with a solution of 0.2% colchicine for 9–12 h or 0.4% colchicine for 3–9 h for cabbage and 0.05% colchicine for 6–12 h for broccoli. This protocol produced chromosome doubling in over 50% of the haploid genotypes for most of the populations derived from cabbage and broccoli. Notably, after 1 or more years in tissue culture, the chromosomes of the haploids were doubled, and most of the haploids turned into doubled haploid or mixed-ploidy plants. This is the first report indicating that tissue culture duration can change the chromosomal ploidy of microspore-derived regenerants.
机译：小孢子来源的植物的染色体倍增是小孢子培养技术实际应用中的重要因素，因为育种程序需要大量具有高育性的遗传稳定的纯合双倍单倍体植物。本文利用白菜（Brassica oleracea var。capitata）和西兰花（Brassica oleracea var.italica）的29个小孢子来源群体，研究了这些群体的倍性水平和自发染色体倍增，人工染色体倍增诱导秋水仙碱的作用，以及组织培养时间对小孢子来源的再生子的染色体倍性的影响。自发染色体倍增随机发生并且是基因型依赖性的。在源自小孢子的植物种群中，存在单倍体，二倍体，甚至是低频率的多倍体和混合多倍体苗。 14个卷心菜种群的总自发倍增率为0％至76.9％，而15个西兰花种群为52.2％至100％。为了提高染色体加倍率，开发了一种有效且可靠的人工染色体加倍方案（即将单倍体小苗根浸入秋水仙碱溶液中）用于甘蓝和西兰花小孢子来源的单倍体。用0.2％秋水仙碱9–12 h或0.4％秋水仙碱3–9 h（西兰花）和0.05％秋水仙碱6–12 h（西兰花）的溶液获得单倍体的最佳染色体倍增。对于来自白菜和西兰花的大多数种群，该方案在超过50％的单倍体基因型中产生了染色体加倍。值得注意的是，经过1年或更长时间的组织培养，单倍体的染色体倍增，大多数单倍体变成了双倍单倍体或混合倍性植物。这是第一个报道，表明组织培养持续时间可以改变小孢子来源的再生体的染色体倍性。

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