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Mapping Affinities in Academic Organizations

机译：映射学术组织中的亲和力

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Scholarly affinities are one of the most fundamental hidden dynamics that drive scientific development. Some affinities are actual, and consequently can be measured through classical academic metrics such as co-authoring. Other affinities are potential, and therefore do not leave visible traces in information systems; for instance, some peers may share interests without actually knowing it. This article illustrates the development of a map of affinities for academic collectives, designed to be relevant to three audiences: the management, the scholars themselves, and the external public. Our case study involves the School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering of EPFL, hereinafter ENAC. The school consists of around one thousand scholars, seventy laboratories, and three institutes. The actual affinities are modeled using the data available from the information systems reporting publications, teaching, and advising scholars, whereas the potential affinities are addressed through text mining of the publications. The major challenge for designing such a map is to represent the multi-dimensionality and multi-scale nature of the information. The affinities are not limited to the computation of heterogeneous sources of information; they also apply at different scales. The map thus shows local affinities inside a given laboratory, as well as global affinities among laboratories. This article presents a graphical grammar to represent affinities. Its effectiveness is illustrated by two actualizations of the design proposal: an interactive online system in which the map can be parameterized, and a large-scale carpet of 250 square meters. In both cases, we discuss how the materiality influences the representation of data, in particular the way key questions could be appropriately addressed considering the three target audiences: the insights gained by the management and their consequences in terms of governance, the understanding of the scholars’ own positioning in the academic group in order to foster opportunities for new collaborations and, eventually, the interpretation of the structure from a general public to evaluate the relevance of the tool for external communication.
机译：学术联系是推动科学发展的最基本的隐藏动力之一。一些亲和力是实际的，因此可以通过经典的学术指标（例如合着）进行衡量。其他相似性是潜在的，因此不会在信息系统中留下可见的痕迹;例如，一些同龄人可能在没有实际了解的情况下共享利益。本文说明了针对学术团体的亲和力地图的发展过程，该地图旨在与以下三种受众相关：管理人员，学者自身和外部公众。我们的案例研究涉及EPFL的建筑，土木和环境工程学院，以下简称ENAC。学校由大约一千名学者，七十个实验室和三个研究所组成。实际亲和力是使用报告出版物，教学和为学者提供信息的信息系统中可用的数据建模的，而潜在的亲和力是通过出版物的文本挖掘来解决的。设计这种地图的主要挑战是代表信息的多维性和多尺度性。相似度不限于异构信息源的计算;它们也适用于不同的规模。因此，该地图显示了给定实验室内部的本地亲和力以及实验室之间的全局亲和力。本文介绍了表示亲和力的图形语法。设计提案的两种实现方式说明了其有效性：一个交互式在线系统，其中可以对地图进行参数设置;以及一张250平方米的大型地毯。在这两种情况下，我们都讨论重要性如何影响数据的表示形式，尤其是考虑到三个目标受众的关键问题的适当解决方式：管理层获得的见解及其在治理方面的后果，学者的理解自己在学术团体中的定位，以便为新的合作创造机会，并最终从一般公众那里对该结构进行解释，以评估外部交流工具的相关性。

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