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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Public Health >Comparison of Working Conditions and Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Symptoms among Dairy Farmers in Southern Sweden over a 25-Year Period
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Comparison of Working Conditions and Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Symptoms among Dairy Farmers in Southern Sweden over a 25-Year Period

机译：25年期间瑞典南部奶农的工作条件和肌肉骨骼症状患病率的比较

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Working conditions and the prevalence of perceived musculoskeletal symptoms (MSSs) among dairy farmers in 2013 were monitored by repeating a mail survey of dairy workers in Scania, southern Sweden, using the same method for collecting data on MSSs and working conditions employed in previous surveys conducted in 1988 and 2002. All dairy enterprises in Scania (total 419) were sent two copies of a questionnaire. One or more responses were received from 232 enterprises (55.4%), of which those from 247 dairy farmers (75% men and 25% women) in 199 enterprises are included in this study. The farmers had increased their weekly working hours in 2013 compared with 2002 (males x¯= 43.9, 40.7; females x¯= 37.9, 33.9). Each male milked on average 30 cows in 1988, 44 cows in 2002, and 86 cows in 2013. The corresponding numbers milked by female farmers were 29, 60, and 102, respectively. In 1988, almost all farmers used tethered systems, while in 2013, 54.4% of male and 66.1% of female farmers instead worked with loose-housing systems. Of the farmers who used loose-housing systems, 50.7% had a robotic milking system. In 2013, 79.0% of male and 88.5% of female farmers reported MSSs on some occasion, especially in the lower back, shoulders, and knees for men, and in the shoulders, lower back, and wrists/hands for women. However, there was no statistical change compared with the frequency of MSSs in 2002. In 2013, there was a tendency for younger dairy farmers (≤35 years) to report MSSs, especially in the shoulders, elbows, lower back, and feet, more frequently than younger farmers in 2002. The males who worked with robot milking systems in 2013 indicated less discomfort in the shoulders than men who worked with other systems. The corresponding females indicated fewer problems in the lower back in 2013. Various aspects of milking system design and technology have been improved to reduce the workload and prevent MSSs in dairy farmers. Nevertheless, more improvements are needed to make the milking process more attractive and reduce health problems, especially in younger farmers currently working with milking and in new recruits.
机译：通过重复瑞典南部斯堪尼亚的乳制品工人的邮件调查，使用相同的方法来收集2013年乳制品工人的工作条件和感知的肌肉骨骼症状（MSS）的发生率，该方法采用的方法与之前进行的调查相同分别在1988年和2002年。向斯堪尼亚的所有乳制品企业（共419家）发送了两份问卷调查表。从232家企业（55.4％）收到了一个或多个答复，其中包括199家企业中的247家奶农（75％的男性和25％的女性）的答复。与2002年相比，2013年农民的每周工作时间有所增加（男性x = 43.9,40.7;女性x = 37.9,33.9）。 1988年，每头雄性平均挤奶30头，2002年平均挤奶44头，2013年平均挤奶86头。女性农民的挤奶数量分别为29、60和102。在1988年，几乎所有农民都使用了系留系统，而在2013年，有54.4％的男性农民和66.1％的女性农民使用的是散屋系统。使用宽松房屋系统的农民中，有50.7％的人使用了自动挤奶系统。 2013年，有79.0％的男性农民和88.5％的女性农民在某些情况下报告过MSS，特别是男性的下背部，肩膀和膝盖，女性的肩膀，下背部和手腕/手。但是，与2002年MSS的发生频率相比，没有统计变化。2013年，年轻的奶农（≤35岁）有报告MSS的趋势，尤其是在肩膀，肘部，下背部和脚部。相比2002年的年轻农民，这种情况更为常见。2013年使用机器人挤奶系统工作的男性的肩膀不适感比使用其他系统的男性少。相应的女性在2013年的下半部问题较少。挤奶系统设计和技术的各个方面都得到了改进，以减少工作量并防止奶农出现MSS。尽管如此，仍需要进行更多的改进以使挤奶过程更具吸引力并减少健康问题，特别是在目前从事挤奶工作的年轻农民和新兵中。

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