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Severe Urban Outdoor Air Pollution and Childrena??s Structural and Functional Brain Development, From Evidence to Precautionary Strategic Action

机译:从证据到预防性战略行动,严重的城市室外空气污染和儿童的结构和功能性大脑发育

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According to the latest estimates, about 2 billion children around the world are exposed to severe urban outdoor air pollution. Transdisciplinary, multi-method findings from epidemiology, developmental neuroscience, psychology, and pediatrics, show detrimental outcomes associated with pre- and postnatal exposure are found at all ages. Affected brain-related functions include perceptual and sensory information processing, intellectual and cognitive development, memory and executive functions, emotion and self-regulation, and academic achievement. Correspondingly, with the breakdown of natural barriers against entry and translocation of toxic particles in the brain, the most common structural changes are responses promoting neuroinflammation and indicating early neurodegenerative processes. In spite of the gaps in current scientific knowledge and the challenges posed by non-scientific issues that influence policy, the evidence invites the conclusion that urban outdoor air pollution is a serious threat to healthy brain development which may set the conditions for neurodegenerative diseases. Such evidence supports the perspective that urgent strategic precautionary actions, minimizing exposure and attenuating its effects, are needed to protect children and their brain development.
机译:根据最新估计,全世界约有20亿儿童受到严重的城市室外空气污染。流行病学,发育神经科学,心理学和儿科学的跨学科,多方法研究结果表明,与出生前和出生后暴露相关的有害结果在所有年龄段都有发现。受影响的大脑相关功能包括知觉和感觉信息处理,智力和认知发展,记忆和执行功能,情绪和自我调节以及学习成绩。相应地,随着阻止有毒颗粒进入和转运到大脑中的天然屏障的破坏,最常见的结构变化是促进神经炎症并指示早期神经变性过程的反应。尽管目前的科学知识存在差距,并且非科学问题对政策产生了挑战,但有证据表明,城市室外空气污染严重威胁着健康的大脑发育,可能为神经退行性疾病创造条件。这些证据支持这样的观点,即需要采取紧急的战略预防措施,以最大程度地减少接触并减弱其影响,以保护儿童及其大脑发育。

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