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首页> 外文期刊>Functional Foods In Health And Disease >Determination of bioactive properties of food grade extracts from Icelandic edible brown seaweed sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) with in vitro human cell cultures (THP-1).
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Determination of bioactive properties of food grade extracts from Icelandic edible brown seaweed sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) with in vitro human cell cultures (THP-1).

机译：用体外人细胞培养物（THP-1）测定冰岛可食用褐藻糖海带（Saccharina latissima）的食品级提取物的生物活性。

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Background: Sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima, formerly known as Laminaria saccharina) is a brown seaweed which naturally occurs in the North Atlantic. Seaweeds may be one of the last natural food resources abundantly available. They are known to contain many compounds which may have additional functional benefits. This edible seaweed is characterized by high content of nutrients including carbohydrates and polyphenols, which are recognized antioxidants. Because their natural environment is a 3% saline solution, they are very resistant to mild extraction methods. However, extracts from solvent extractions usually contain residual solvents, making them unacceptable for high quality functional foods and high end cosmetics. The objective of this study was to test the biological properties of three extracts from sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima).Methods: Cold water, hot water, and ethanol: water (70:30 v/v) extracts were prepared. Total Carbohydrate Content (TCC) was determined by the phenol – sulphuric acid method and values were expressed as mg of fucose/g of dry extract. Total Polyphenol Content (TPC) was determined and expressed as mg of Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/100g of dry extract. Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assay was performed for all extracts and values were expressed as μM of Trolox ? Equivalent/g of dry extract. Human leukemia monocytic cell line (THP-1) was used to investigate the bioactivity of Saccharina extracts. Extracts were applied to PMA differentiated THP-1 cells. Cytotoxicity of derived extracts was assessed by light microscopy followed by XTT proliferation assay. Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were performed to determine secretion of interleukin – 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor – α (TNF-α) and interleukin – 6 (IL-6).Results: The cold water extract exhibited very toxic properties toward macrophages and was thereby excluded from the experimental proceedings with use of the macrophages. Among all the tested extracts, the hot water extract was richest in sugars (682±243 mg fucose/g dry extract) and polyphenols (96.5±5.6 mg GAE/g dry extract), which was correlated to the determined ORAC values (1686±99 μM TE/g dry extract). The addition of hot water and ethanol extracts at concentrations 100 μg/ml triggered secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α suggesting immunomodulatory properties of Saccharina extracts toward macrophages.Conclusions: The present study suggests that carbohydrate enriched extracts from Icelandic edible seaweed Saccharina latissima have antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties towards human THP–1 derived macrophages. The carbohydrate and polyphenol correlated with ORAC values confirming antioxidant properties of the derived extracts. The hot water extract affected the pro–inflammatory (TNF–α) and anti–inflammatory (IL–10) cytokine secretion in macrophages, suggesting their bioactivity through immunomodulatory actions and can be considered for practical applications in functional foods and cosmetics.
机译：背景：海带（Saccharina latissima，前身为海带）是一种褐色的海藻，天然存在于北大西洋。海藻可能是最后大量可用的天然食物资源之一。已知它们包含许多可能具有其他功能优势的化合物。这种可食用的海藻的特征在于营养物质的含量很高，包括被认为是抗氧化剂的碳水化合物和多酚。因为它们的自然环境是3％的盐溶液，所以它们对温和的提取方法非常有抵抗力。但是，溶剂提取物中的提取物通常含有残留溶剂，这使它们对于高质量的功能食品和高端化妆品而言是不可接受的。这项研究的目的是测试糖海带（Saccharina latissima）的三种提取物的生物学特性。方法：制备冷水，热水和乙醇：水（70:30 v / v）提取物。总糖含量（TCC）通过苯酚-硫酸法测定，其值表示为岩藻糖毫克/克干提取物。测定总多酚含量（TPC），并表示为毫克没食子酸当量（GAE）/ 100g干提取物。对所有提取物进行氧自由基吸收能力（ORAC）测定，数值表示为Trolox？M的μM。当量/克干提取物。人类白血病单核细胞系（THP-1）用于研究糖精提取物的生物活性。将提取物应用于PMA分化的THP-1细胞。通过光学显微镜，然后进行XTT增殖测定，评估衍生提取物的细胞毒性。进行了酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA），以测定白介素– 10（IL-10），肿瘤坏死因子–α（TNF-α）和白介素– 6（IL-6）的分泌。结果：显示出冷水提取物对巨噬细胞具有非常高的毒性，因此使用巨噬细胞已排除在实验程序之外。在所有测试的提取物中，热水提取物中糖含量最高（682±243 mg岩藻糖/ g干提取物）和多酚（96.5±5.6 mg GAE / g干提取物）最丰富，这与确定的ORAC值相关（1686± 99μMTE / g干提取物）。添加浓度为100μg/ ml的热水和乙醇提取物会触发促炎性细胞因子TNF-α的分泌，这表明糖精提取物对巨噬细胞具有免疫调节特性。结论：本研究表明，冰岛食用海藻糖精提取物中富含碳水化合物的提取物具有对人THP-1衍生的巨噬细胞的抗氧化和免疫调节特性。碳水化合物和多酚与ORAC值相关，证实了提取物的抗氧化性能。热水提取物影响巨噬细胞中促炎性（TNF-α）和抗炎性（IL-10）细胞因子的分泌，表明它们通过免疫调节作用具有生物活性，可以考虑在功能性食品和化妆品中实际应用。

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