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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience >Delay discounting without decision-making: medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala activations reflect immediacy processing and correlate with impulsivity and anxious-depressive traits
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Delay discounting without decision-making: medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala activations reflect immediacy processing and correlate with impulsivity and anxious-depressive traits

机译：延迟贴现，无需决策：内侧前额叶皮层和杏仁核的激活反映了即时处理，并与冲动性和焦虑抑郁性状相关

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Humans value rewards less when these are delivered in the future as opposed to immediately, a phenomenon referred to as delay discounting. While delay discounting has been studied during the anticipation of rewards and in the context of intertemporal decision-making, little is known about its neural correlates in the outcome phase (during reward delivery) and their relation to personality. Personality traits that have been associated with increased delay discounting include impulsivity and, potentially, anxious-depressive traits. Here we performed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 72 healthy participants while they carried out a monetary incentive delay (MID) task with a delay manipulation. In sixty percent of the experimental trials, participants won rewards that differed in magnitude (0.05€, 0.50€ or 1€) and delay until delivery (immediately, 10 days, or 100 days). A factor analysis on questionnaires yielded two factors reflecting Impulsivity and Anxiety/Depression, which we used to examine potential relationships between personality and delay discounting. When winning a reward, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activation was higher for immediate compared to delayed rewards. Moreover, amygdala activation correlated with reward magnitude for immediate but not for delayed rewards. Amygdala activation to winning immediate rewards was higher in more impulsive participants, while mPFC activation to winning immediate rewards was higher in more anxious-depressed participants. Our results uncover neural correlates of delay discounting during reward delivery, and suggest that impulsivity and subclinical anxious-depressive traits are related to stronger neural responses for winning immediate relative to delayed rewards.
机译：当人们在将来交付奖励时，他们认为奖励的价值要小得多，而不是立即奖励，这种现象被称为延迟贴现。尽管在预期奖励和跨期决策的背景下研究了延迟贴现，但对其在结果阶段（奖励交付期间）的神经相关及其与人格的关系知之甚少。与增加的延误折扣相关的人格特质包括冲动性和潜在的焦虑抑郁特质。在这里，我们对72位健康参与者进行了功能磁共振成像（fMRI），同时他们通过延迟操作执行了金钱激励延迟（MID）任务。在60％的实验试验中，参与者获得的奖励幅度不同（0.05欧元，0.50欧元或1欧元），并延迟到交付（立即，10天或100天）。问卷的因素分析产生了两个反映冲动性和焦虑/抑郁的因素，我们用它们来检验人格和延迟折扣之间的潜在关系。当获得奖励时，与延迟奖励相比，立即的内侧前额叶皮层（mPFC）激活更高。此外，杏仁核的激活与立即获得的奖励幅度相关，而与延迟获得的奖励无关。在较冲动的参与者中，杏仁核激活获得即时奖励的机率较高，而在焦虑抑郁的参与者中，mPFC激活赢得即时奖励的机率较高。我们的研究结果揭示了奖励交付过程中延迟贴现的神经相关性，并表明冲动性和亚临床焦虑抑郁特质与较强的神经反应有关，以赢得相对于延迟奖励的即时反应。

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