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首页> 外文期刊>Maritime Studies >Fisher communities in transition: understanding change from a livelihood perspective in Chilika Lagoon, India
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Fisher communities in transition: understanding change from a livelihood perspective in Chilika Lagoon, India

机译：转型中的费舍尔社区：印度奇利卡泻湖从生计角度了解变化

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The sustainable livelihood framework is a widely used approach to analyze changes in rural livelihoods, especially in resource dependent communities. The framework emphasizes that given a certain situation where the livelihood context, resources and institutions remain favourable, livelihood strategies carried out by people could possibly lead to two different outcomes. One, the results of livelihood strategies will produce sustainable outcomes providing affected households respite from the impacts of livelihood loss. Two, there is a possibility that resulting outcomes may not be sufficient to reverse livelihood crisis and may not necessarily result in sustainable livelihood because of the complexities, uncertainties and multilevel drivers associated with it. This paper aims to evaluate both these possibilities through use of empirical data to clarify factors and conditions that may impede sustainable livelihood outcomes despite well planned strategies. It highlights that availability of more resources (or capitals) do not necessarily contribute to more robust livelihood strategies or outcomes. Using the case of small scale fishery-based livelihood system of Chilika Lagoon, Bay of Bengal in the East coast of India, this paper suggests that the relationship between livelihood shocks and stresses, capitals, institutions and livelihood strategies is circular and not linear. Extensive household and village level survey data are used to examine the processes of social-ecological change in Chilika from a livelihood perspective. It describes how through changes in context, resources and institutions, fishers in Chilika responded to the livelihood crisis, and how various strategies were used. It further examines the extent to which the outcomes of the strategies contributed to making fisher livelihoods sustainable. Conclusions drawn suggest that the outcomes of the livelihood crisis and responses from Chilika fishers have resulted in higher levels of their disconnection from the Lagoon and their marginalization. The multiplicity of ways through which fishers in Chilika perceive their livelihood suggest that livelihood in resource dependent communities, such as Chilika small-scale fisheries, is multidimensional and far more complex and dynamic than often perceived. Further innovations in approaches and tools will help better understand livelihood challenges and make related outcomes sustainable.
机译：可持续生计框架是一种广泛用于分析农村生计变化的方法，特别是在资源依赖社区中。该框架强调，在某种情况下，生计背景，资源和体制仍然有利，人们执行的生计战略可能导致两种不同的结果。第一，生计战略的结果将产生可持续的结果，使受影响的家庭从生计丧失的影响中得到喘息。第二，由于与之相关的复杂性，不确定性和多层次驱动因素，最终结果可能不足以扭转生计危机，并不一定导致可持续生计。本文旨在通过使用经验数据来评估这两种可能性，以阐明尽管计划周密的战略仍可能阻碍可持续生计结果的因素和条件。它强调指出，更多资源（或资本）的可获得性并不一定有助于更健壮的谋生策略或成果。本文以印度东部沿海孟加拉湾奇利卡泻湖的小规模渔业为基础的生计系统为例，表明生计冲击与压力，资本，制度和生计策略之间的关系是循环的，不是线性的。广泛的家庭和村级调查数据用于从民生角度考察奇利卡的社会生态变化过程。它描述了通过改变环境，资源和机构，奇利卡的渔民如何应对生计危机，以及如何使用各种战略。它进一步检查了这些战略的成果在多大程度上有助于使渔民的生计可持续。得出的结论表明，生计危机的结果和奇利卡渔民的反应导致其与环礁湖的脱钩和边缘化的程度更高。 Chilika渔民以多种方式感知生计，这表明资源依赖社区（例如Chilika小型渔业）的生计是多维的，比通常所认为的更为复杂和动态。方法和工具方面的进一步创新将有助于更好地了解民生挑战，并使相关成果可持续。

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