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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Species- and sex-specific differences in foraging behaviour and foraging zones in blue-footed and brown boobies in the Gulf of California
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Species- and sex-specific differences in foraging behaviour and foraging zones in blue-footed and brown boobies in the Gulf of California

机译：加利福尼亚湾蓝脚和棕色bo鸟的觅食行为和觅食区的物种和性别差异

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ABSTRACT: When 2 closely related species co-occur, each exhibiting sex-specific differences in size, resource partitioning is expected. We studied sex-specific foraging behaviour of 2 sympatric seabird species in the Gulf of California to disentangle the respective influence of species and sex, but also mass and size of individuals, on observed foraging behaviour. We used highly accurate data loggers to study movements, diving behaviour and activity of brown and blue-footed boobies rearing young chicks. Interspecific differences were limited; brown boobies had longer foraging trips and spent less time on the water than blue-footed boobies. The major differences observed were sex-specific; females of each species tended to have longer foraging trips, foraged farther from the colony, flew greater distances and had larger zones of area-restricted search. These sex-specific differences were more prominent in brown than in blue-footed boobies. Diet and stable isotope analyses showed that, during the study period, both species fed mainly on sardines, at similar trophic levels and in similar zones; outside the breeding season, the carbon and nitrogen signatures from feathers were also similar on average. In these sympatric species that feed on a superabundant prey, sex-specific differences appear to have a greater role than species-specific differences. We suggest that sex-specific differences may be mainly related to breeding involvement, as males are more involved in nest attendance and defence and females are greater provisioners. However, we show that several sex-specific differences in observed foraging behaviour were partly or totally explained by body size (flight speeds, foraging range, flapping frequency) or by body mass (depths attained during diving, duration of dives), which are parameters influenced by biomechanical constraints such as flight and diving.
机译：摘要：当同时出现2个密切相关的物种时，每个物种在大小上都表现出性别差异，因此预期会进行资源分配。我们研究了加利福尼亚湾的两种同伴海鸟物种的特定性别觅食行为，以区分物种和性别以及个体的质量和大小对观察到的觅食行为的各自影响。我们使用高精度的数据记录器来研究饲养幼雏的棕色和蓝脚bo鸟的运动，潜水行为和活动。种间差异有限;与蓝脚bo鸟相比，棕色bo鸟的觅食行程更长，并且在水上花费的时间更少。观察到的主要差异是针对性别的。每个物种的雌性往往有较长的觅食行程，在远离殖民地的地方觅食，飞行距离更远，并且有更大的区域限制搜索范围。这些性别差异在棕色比在蓝脚bo鸟中更为明显。饮食和稳定同位素分析表明，在研究期间，两个物种都主要以沙丁鱼为食，营养水平相似，区域相似。在繁殖季节以外，羽毛的碳和氮特征也平均相似。在这些以丰富猎物为食的同胞物种中，性别差异似乎比物种差异具有更大的作用。我们建议特定性别的差异可能主要与育种的参与有关，因为雄性更多地参与鸟巢出勤和防御，雌性则是更多的供应者。但是，我们发现观察到的觅食行为中的几种特定性别差异部分或全部由体重（飞行速度，觅食范围，拍打频率）或体重（潜水过程中达到的深度，潜水持续时间）来解释。受生物机械约束（例如飞行和潜水）的影响。

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