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Harbor seal foraging response to a seasonal resource pulse, spawning Pacific herring

机译：海豹觅食对季节性资源波动的反应，催生太平洋鲱

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ABSTRACT: Evidence suggests that Pacific harbor seals Phoca vitulina are likely to alter their foraging behavior in response to seasonal prey pulses. We hypothesized that spawning herring Clupea pallasii aggregations are seasonally important prey for harbor seals, predicting that (1) harbor seal consumption of adult herring would peak during the spawning season, (2) harbor seals would seasonally change their foraging areas to take advantage of spawning herring aggregations, and (3) seal diving behavior would reflect the vertical distribution of herring during the spawning season. The predictions were tested using an analysis of harbor seal prey remains, GPS telemetry, and satellite-linked time/depth recorder data. Contrary to predictions, herring in harbor seal diet was comprised of 74% juveniles and 26% adults in the spawn season, versus 37% juveniles and 63% adults in the post-spawn season. Harbor seal use of documented herring areas was highest during the season when herring did not spawn, and seal diving behavior did not reflect the vertical distribution of herring. The lack of response by harbor seals to spawning herring pulses is likely explained by the low energy density of adult herring during the spawn season, and the availability of profitable alternative prey such as juvenile herring. This study highlights the influence of relative prey profitability on the foraging behavior of harbor seals, and may help to explain why predators do not always respond as predicted to resource pulses.
机译：摘要：有证据表明，太平洋海豹 Phoca vitulina 可能会响应季节性猎物的脉动而改变其觅食行为。我们假设产卵鲱鱼聚集体是海豹的季节性重要猎物，并预测（1）成年鲱的海豹消耗在产卵季节达到峰值，（2）斑海豹会季节性改变其种群。捕捞区域以利用产卵鲱鱼聚集，（3）海豹的潜水行为将反映产卵季节鲱鱼的垂直分布。使用对海豹猎物的遗骸分析，GPS遥测和与卫星相关的时间/深度记录器数据的分析测试了这些预测。与预测相反，在产卵季节，海豹饮食中的鲱鱼由74％的少年和26％的成年鱼组成，而产后季节的青鱼和青海鱼由37％的少年和63％的成年鱼组成。在鲱鱼没有产卵的季节，海豹使用记录的鲱鱼面积最高，海豹的潜水行为也不能反映鲱鱼的垂直分布。港海豹对产卵鲱鱼脉冲的反应不足，可能是由于产卵季节成年鲱鱼的能量密度低以及可获利的替代猎物（例如少年鲱鱼）的存在。这项研究强调了相对猎物获利能力对海豹觅食行为的影响，并可能有助于解释为什么捕食者并不总是对资源脉动做出预期的反应。

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