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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Trophic linkages across seascapes: subtidal predators limit effective mussel recruitment in rocky intertidal communities
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Trophic linkages across seascapes: subtidal predators limit effective mussel recruitment in rocky intertidal communities

机译：跨海景的营养联系：潮间带掠食者限制了潮间带岩石群落中贻贝的有效招募

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ABSTRACT: Food-web linkages between habitats across a landscape are known to be important in terrestrial systems. Linkages through the lower (nutrients) and higher (predators) trophic levels are also starting to be recognized across seascapes. Here, we test the potential importance of a subtidal-intertidal trophic linkage through predation on mussel recruits by fish in mussel-dominated communities at 2 tidal levels on wave-exposed shores of southern New Zealand. We show that on rocky shores that include both intertidal benches and subtidal reefs, labrid fish move into the intertidal zone during high tide and exert fast and strong predation pressure on small mussels in the low-, and to a lesser extent mid-shore, intertidal levels. Within 1 d, 80 to 95% of small (5 to 15 mm) transplanted mussels were removed from experimental tiles on the low shore when unprotected from fish predation, while 20 to 60% were removed on the mid-shore; in contrast, most fully protected mussels survived for months. Although at a slower pace, predation was also evident in cages that excluded fish but allowed access to large invertebrate predators. This predation occurred mostly at night when large predatory crabs were abundant at the study sites. The combined predation pressure on small mussels by fish and crabs was reflected in the scarcity of larger/older mussel recruits (5 to 15 mm) outside mature beds on the low shore compared to greater abundance on the mid-shore. The number of mussel settlers in artificial collectors and of smaller/younger recruits (5 mm) within barnacle patches did not significantly differ between shore heights; thus, we attribute the difference in abundance of late recruits to differential predation rates by subtidal predators. This study clearly demonstrates that highly mobile subtidal predators, particularly fish, can have important impacts on temperate intertidal food webs, especially on early life stages of habitat-dominating invertebrates, such as mussels in New Zealand and probably elsewhere.
机译：摘要：众所周知，整个景观中栖息地之间的食物网联系在陆地系统中很重要。较低（营养）和较高（捕食者）营养级之间的联系也开始在整个海景中得到认可。在这里，我们通过捕食贻贝占主导地位的社区中的潮汐—潮间营养关系的潜在重要性，这些鱼类在贻贝主导的社区中处于两个潮汐水平，在新西兰南部的波荡海岸上。我们表明，在包括潮间带和潮间礁的多岩石海岸上，Labrid鱼类在涨潮时会移入潮间带，并在低潮带和中度潮间带的小贻贝上快速而强烈地捕食小型贻贝水平。在1 d内，如果没有保护措施以防鱼类捕食，则将80％至95％的小型贻贝（5至15毫米）从低岸的实验砖中移出，而将20％至60％的贻贝从中岸移出。相反，大多数受到充分保护的贻贝存活了几个月。尽管速度较慢，但​​捕捞在没有鱼但允许接触大型无脊椎动物捕食者的网箱中也很明显。这种捕食主要发生在晚上，当研究地点有大量捕食性大闸蟹时。鱼和蟹对小贻贝的综合捕食压力反映在低岸成熟河床外部大型/较旧贻贝新兵（5至15毫米）的稀缺性，而中岸则比较丰富。人工收集器中贻贝定居者的数量以及藤壶片内较小/较年轻的新成员（<5 mm）的数量在岸上高度之间没有显着差异。因此，我们将潮汐掠食者捕食率的差异归因于后期新兵的丰度差异。这项研究清楚地表明，活动力强的潮汐掠食者，尤其是鱼类，会对温带潮间带食物网产生重要影响，尤其是对栖息地为主的无脊椎动物的早期生命阶段，例如新西兰和其他地方的贻贝。

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