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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Compensation and recovery of feeding guilds in a northwest Atlantic shelf fish community
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Compensation and recovery of feeding guilds in a northwest Atlantic shelf fish community

机译：西北大西洋大陆架鱼类社区的食饵协会的补偿和恢复

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ABSTRACT: Disturbance of marine ecosystems from fishing has resulted in significant shifts in the composition of fish communities. Such changes can result in shifts in dominance of functional (trophic) guilds within communities and the role that guilds play in ecosystem functioning. In particular, studies in coral reef and kelp forest fish communities have demonstrated a low level of functional redundancy, yet few studies have examined fish communities from temperate large marine ecosystems. We compared the abundance and composition of feeding guilds (i.e. planktivores, benthivores, amphipod–shrimp feeders, crabivores, echinoderm feeders, shrimp–fish feeders, and piscivores) on the continental shelf of the northeast US across 4 decades (i.e. 1970s to the present), examining changes in guild structure to determine if: (1) there have been significant changes in the abundance of functional guilds within the fish community, (2) there have been significant changes within guilds, and (3) there are commonalities in responses with studies from other habitats. We found that 5 of the 7 guilds exhibited remarkable stability in abundance over time despite extreme levels of exploitation and shifts in the abundance of individual species. We suggest there are compensatory mechanisms within those guilds that resulted in, or are an outcome of, their functional role within the shelf fish community. Comparing our results with studies in more spatially discrete habitats such as coral reefs or kelp forests suggests that erosion of functionally redundancies may be related to the resolution involved, be it spatial extent of observations, movement patterns of fishes, taxonomic precision of functional role, or variations in the diversity of species interactions within these ecosystems. Regardless, to prevent any potential for erosion of functional roles, we recommend that guild structure be considered as a unit for monitoring and resource management.
机译：摘要：捕鱼对海洋生态系统造成的干扰已导致鱼类群落组成发生重大变化。这种变化可能导致功能性（营养性）行会在社区中的主导地位转移，以及行会在生态系统功能中发挥的作用。特别是，对珊瑚礁和海带森林鱼类群落的研究表明，其功能冗余水平较低，但很少有研究对来自温带大型海洋生态系统的鱼类群落进行研究。我们比较了美国东北部大陆架在过去40年（即1970年代）至今的陆续捕捞行会（即浮游动物，底栖动物，两栖类虾给食器，食蟹动物，棘皮动物给食器，虾鱼给食器和食肉动物）的数量和组成。 ），检查行会结构的变化，以确定是否：（1）鱼群内功能行会的丰度发生了显着变化;（2）行会内部发生了显着变化;（3）应对措施中存在共同点来自其他栖息地的研究。我们发现，尽管极高的开发水平和单个物种的丰度发生了变化，但7个公会中的5个在丰富度上表现出了显着的稳定性。我们建议这些行会中存在补偿机制，这些机制导致或成为其在架子鱼群落中的功能角色。将我们的结果与在空间上更离散的栖息地（例如珊瑚礁或海带森林）中的研究进行比较，表明功能冗余的侵蚀可能与所涉及的分辨率有关，无论是观测的空间范围，鱼类的运动方式，功能角色的分类精度还是这些生态系统中物种相互作用多样性的多样性。无论如何，为了防止任何潜在的功能角色侵蚀，我们建议将行会结构视为监视和资源管理的一个单元。

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