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Changing maturation reaction norms and the effects of growth history in Alaskan Chinook salmon

机译：阿拉斯加奇努克鲑鱼的成熟反应规范不断变化以及生长历史的影响

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We explored the nature of declines in size and age at maturity in 2 populations of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in western Alaska, USA, using multidimensional probabilistic maturation reaction norms (PMRNs) accounting for growth history. Individual growth histories informed by retrospective scale analysis were used to construct PMRNs and to describe the relative influence of different life-history periods on age at maturity. Similar results were found in both populations. Models accounting for growth history uniformly outperformed size-at-age models, suggesting the importance of growth history for the determination of maturation. The second year of marine growth was found to have a disproportionate influence on the age at maturity in both sexes. Males tended to grow more than females in length during the second year at sea, possibly as a consequence of females storing more energy in preparation for the high cost of female gonad development. Finally, we found that growth thresholds for maturation have shown a long-term decline in both sexes. This suggests that declines in the average age at maturity of western Alaskan Chinook salmon may have been caused in part by adaptation to environmental or fisheries-induced selection.
机译：我们使用解释增长历史的多维概率成熟反应准则（PMRN），探索了美国阿拉斯加西部2种群的奇努克鲑鱼Oncorhynchus tshawytscha成熟时大小和年龄下降的性质。通过回顾性规模分析获得的个人成长史用于构建PMRN，并描述不同生命史时期对成熟年龄的相对影响。在两个人群中都发现了相似的结果。解释生长历史的模型均胜过年龄大小模型，表明生长历史对确定成熟度的重要性。发现海洋生长的第二年对男女的成年年龄都有不成比例的影响。在海上的第二年中，雄性的体长比雌性的长得多，这可能是由于雌性准备更多的能量来准备雌性生殖腺的高成本所致。最后，我们发现成熟的成长阈值已显示出男女双方的长期下降。这表明，阿拉斯加奇努克西部鲑鱼的平均成熟年龄下降可能部分是由于对环境或渔业诱发的选择的适应。

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