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Management and research applications of real-time and archival passive acoustic sensors over varying temporal and spatial scales

机译：实时和档案式无源声学传感器在不同时空尺度上的管理和研究应用

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ABSTRACT: Defining the appropriate scale over which to conduct a study in the marine environment is critical to achieving appropriate scientific, management, mitigation and conservation objectives. This paper focuses on applications of passive acoustic technologies over a range of spatial and temporal scales. It is divided into sections dealing with archival and real-time passive acoustic sensor applications. Each section assesses the principles behind using the respective technology and provides recent examples of research and management applications for marine mammals and fish. The section on archival sensors highlights the need for continued development of automated acoustic detectors to assess large data sets. Case studies are presented of detectors developed for determining seasonal occurrence and distribution of haddock sounds and humpback whale vocalizations. Also presented are studies of other applications using archival sensors: tracking singing humpback whales in Brazil, using vocalizations to assess the reproductive strategies of Arctic bearded seals and assessing regional variability in call patterns for North Atlantic right whales. The section on real-time passive acoustic sensors focuses on real-time buoys and towed arrays. Case studies presented include a real-time buoy system used for monitoring endangered North Atlantic right whales and a stationary autonomous array providing real-time access to Antarctic acoustic data. The value of using towed arrays for real-time applications is also assessed, and a case study is provided on the use of towed arrays to improve abundance estimates of North Pacific cetaceans and to better understand vocalization behaviors.
机译：摘要：确定在海洋环境中进行研究的适当规模对于实现适当的科学，管理，缓解和保护目标至关重要。本文重点介绍无源声学技术在空间和时间范围内的应用。它分为处理归档和实时无源声学传感器应用程序的部分。每个部分都评估了使用相应技术的原理，并提供了有关海洋哺乳动物和鱼类研究和管理应用的最新示例。关于档案传感器的部分强调了需要继续开发自动声检测器以评估大数据集的需求。案例研究介绍了开发用于确定黑线鳕声音和座头鲸发声的季节性发生和分布的探测器。还介绍了使用存档传感器的其他应用的研究：跟踪巴西的唱歌座头鲸，使用发声方法评估北极胡须海豹的繁殖策略，以及评估北大西洋右鲸的呼叫方式中的区域差异。实时无源声学传感器这一节重点介绍实时浮标和拖曳阵列。提出的案例研究包括用于监测濒临灭绝的北大西洋右鲸的实时浮标系统，以及提供对南极声学数据的实时访问的固定自主阵列。还评估了使用拖曳阵列进行实时应用的价值，并提供了一个案例研究，以使用拖曳阵列来改善北太平洋鲸类动物的丰度估计并更好地了解发声行为。

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