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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Whale watching disrupts feeding activities of minke whales on a feeding ground
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Whale watching disrupts feeding activities of minke whales on a feeding ground

机译：赏鲸会破坏小须鲸在饲养场上的饲养活动

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ABSTRACT: Human disturbances of wildlife, such as tourism, can alter the activities of targeted individuals. Repeated behavioural disruptions can have long-term consequences for individual vital rates (survival and reproduction). To manage these sub-lethal impacts, we need to understand how activity disruptions can influence bioenergetics and ultimately individual vital rates. Empirical studies of the mechanistic links between whale-watching boat exposure and behavioural variation and vital rates are currently lacking for baleen whales (mysticetes). We compared minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata behaviour on a feeding ground in the presence and absence of whale-watching boats. Effects on activity states were inferred from changes in movement metric data as well as the occurrence of surface feeding events. Linear mixed effects models and generalised estimation equations were used to investigate the effect of whale-watching boat interactions. Measurement errors were quantified, and their effects on model parameter estimates were investigated using resampling methods. Minke whales responded to whale-watching boats by performing shorter dives and increased sinuous movement. A reduction in the probability of observing longer inter-breath intervals during sinuous movement showed that whale-watching boat interactions reduced foraging activity. Further, the probability of observing surface feeding events also decreased during interactions with whale-watching boats. This indicates that whale-watching boats disrupted the feeding activities of minke whales. Since minke whales are capital breeders, a decrease in feeding success on the feeding grounds due to whale-watching boats could lead to a decrease in energy available for foetus development and nursing on the breeding grounds. Such impact could therefore alter the calving success of this species.
机译：摘要：人为干扰野生动植物，例如旅游业，可能会改变目标人群的活动。重复的行为中断可能对个体的生命率（生存和生殖）产生长期影响。为了处理这些亚致死性影响，我们需要了解活动中断如何影响生物能学并最终影响个体生命率。目前，尚无对鲸鱼（mysticetes）进行观鲸船暴露与行为变化和生命率之间的机械联系的实证研究。我们在有和没有赏鲸船的情况下，对小食鲸 Balaenoptera acutorostrata 在饲养场上的行为进行了比较。从运动指标数据的变化以及地面进食事件的发生可以推断出对活动状态的影响。线性混合效应模型和广义估计方程用于研究观鲸船相互作用的影响。量化测量误差，并使用重采样方法研究其对模型参数估计的影响。小须鲸对观鲸船的反应是缩短潜水时间和增加弯曲运动。弯曲运动期间观察到更长的呼吸间隔的可能性降低，表明观鲸船相互作用减少了觅食活动。此外，在与赏鲸船的互动过程中，观察到地面进食事件的可能性也降低了。这表明观鲸船打断了小须鲸的觅食活动。由于小须鲸是主要的繁殖者，因此，由于赏鲸船在饲养场上饲养成功的减少，可能会导致在繁殖场上用于胎儿发育和护理的能量减少。因此，这种影响可能会改变该物种的产犊成功。

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