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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Neuropharmacology >Effort Displayed During Appetitive Phase of Feeding Behavior Requires Infralimbic Cortex Activity and Histamine H1 Receptor Signaling
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Effort Displayed During Appetitive Phase of Feeding Behavior Requires Infralimbic Cortex Activity and Histamine H1 Receptor Signaling

机译：在喂食行为的竞争阶段显示的努力要求下肢皮质活动和组胺H1受体信号传导

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The chances to succeed in goal-directed behaviors, such as food or water-seeking, improves when the subject is in an increased arousal state. A high level of behavioral and vegetative excitation characterizes the appetitive phase of these motivated behaviors. The decision to engage and those particular behaviors and their organization depend on prefrontal cortical areas, such as the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. We propose that the infralimbic cortex (ILC) from the medial prefrontal cortex induces an increase in arousal, during the appetitive phase of motivated behavior, which is mediated by the activation of the brain histaminergic system. This increase in arousal results in higher motivation for getting foods rewards. To test this idea, we conduct a progressive ratio operant conditioning to test the degree of motivation for food, while the histaminergic system was pharmacologically manipulated. We found that the behavioral responses to obtain food, in hungry rats, were disrupted by inhibiting the infralimbic cortex trough muscimol infusion, blocking brain H1 histamine receptors by intracerebroventricular infusion of pyrilamine or by satiety. In contrast, the consummatory behavior was not affected by ILC inhibition. The extracellular histamine levels in the ILC increased in correlation with the degree of motivation measured in the progressive ratio test. ILC inhibition also disrupted this increase in histamine levels. The rise in extracellular histamine levels during the progressive ratio test was similar (ca. 200%) either during the active or the resting period of the day. However, the rising start from different basal levels. this suggests that the increase in histamine during this behavior is not simply due to the fact that animals are awake in their resting phase, but there is a motivation related release of histamine, suggestive of a specific form of brain activation. Serotonin another critical component of the Ascending Arousal System (AAS) was also tested, but not changes in the level of this neuromodulator was detected during the progressive ratio test. In conclusion, our results suggest that the ILC activation and the consequent increase in brain histamine release are necessaries for the normal performance of a motivated behavior such as feeding.
机译：当受试者处于增强的唤醒状态时，成功实现有目标的行为（例如食物或寻求水）的机会会增加。高水平的行为和营养激发表征了这些激励行为的上瘾阶段。参与的决定以及这些特定行为及其组织取决于前额皮质区域，例如腹侧前额皮质。我们提出，来自内侧前额叶皮层的下肢皮质（ILC）在动机行为的上瘾阶段诱导唤醒的增加，这是由脑组织胺能系统的激活介导的。唤醒的增加导致获得食物奖励的更高动机。为了检验这个想法，我们在进行组胺能系统药理学操作的同时，进行了渐进式比例操作员调节，以测试食物的动机程度。我们发现，在饥饿的大鼠中，获取食物的行为反应被抑制，是通过抑制脑下皮层的麝香酚注入，通过脑室内注入吡拉明或饱腹感来阻断脑H1组胺受体。相反，改善行为不受ILC抑制的影响。 ILC中的细胞外组胺水平与进行性比率测试中测得的动机程度相关。 ILC抑制也破坏了组胺水平的这种增加。在一天的活跃或休息期间，进行性比率测试期间细胞外组胺水平的升高相似（约200％）。但是，上升始于不同的基础水平。这表明在这种行为过程中组胺的增加不仅是由于动物处于静止状态而处于清醒状态，而且还存在与动机有关的组胺释放，这暗示了特定形式的大脑激活。还测试了升压系统（AAS）的另一个关键组成部分5-羟色胺，但在进行比例测试时未检测到该神经调节剂水平的变化。总之，我们的研究结果表明，ILC激活以及随之而来的脑组胺释放增加是正常行为（如进食）正常表现所必需的。

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