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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Neurology >Improving Dual-Task Walking Paradigms to Detect Prodromal Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s Diseases
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Improving Dual-Task Walking Paradigms to Detect Prodromal Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s Diseases

机译：改进双任务行走范例以检测前驱性帕金森氏病和阿尔茨海默氏病

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Gait control is a complex movement, relying on spinal, subcortical, and cortical structures. The presence of deficits in one or more of these structures will result in changes in gait automaticity and control, as is the case in several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). By reviewing recent findings in this field of research, current studies have shown that gait performance assessment under dual-task conditions could contribute to predict both of these diseases. Such suggestions are relevant mainly for people at putatively high risk of developing AD (i.e., older adults with mild cognitive impairment subtypes) or PD (i.e., older adults with either Mild Parkinsonian signs or LRRK2 G2019S mutation). Despite the major importance of these results, the type of cognitive task that should be used as a concurrent secondary task has to be selected among the plurality of tasks proposed in the literature. Furthermore, the key aspects of gait control that represent sensitive and specific “gait signatures” for prodromal AD or PD need to be determined. In the present perspective article, we suggest the use of a Stroop interference task requiring inhibitory attentional control and a set-shifting task requiring reactive flexibility as being particularly relevant secondary tasks for challenging gait in prodromal AD and PD, respectively. Investigating how inhibition and cognitive flexibility interfere with gait control is a promising avenue for future research aimed at enhancing early detection of AD and PD, respectively.
机译：步态控制是一个复杂的运动，依赖于脊柱，皮层下和皮层结构。这些结构中的一个或多个结构中存在缺陷会导致步态自动性和控制能力发生变化，就像几种神经退行性疾病（例如阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）和帕金森氏病（PD））一样。通过回顾该研究领域的最新发现，当前的研究表明，双任务条件下的步态表现评估可以有助于预测这两种疾病。这些建议主要与发展成AD（即具有轻度认知障碍亚型的老年人）或PD（即具有轻度帕金森病征象或LRRK2 G2019S突变的老年人）的风险较高的人群有关。尽管这些结果非常重要，但是必须从文献中提出的多个任务中选择应该用作并发次要任务的认知任务的类型。此外，需要确定步态控制的关键方面，它们代表前驱性AD或PD的敏感的和特定的“步态特征”。在本期观点文章中，我们建议使用需要抑制性注意力控制的Stroop干扰任务和需要反应性灵活性的set-shift任务作为分别挑战前驱AD和PD步态的特别重要的次要任务。调查抑制和认知柔韧性如何干扰步态控制是未来研究的有希望的途径，旨在分别加强对AD和PD的早期检测。

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