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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in zoology >A meal or a male: the ‘whispers’ of black widow males do not trigger a predatory response in females
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A meal or a male: the ‘whispers’ of black widow males do not trigger a predatory response in females

机译：一顿饭还是一顿雄性：黑寡妇雄性的“低语”不会触发雌性的掠食性反应

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Introduction Female spiders are fine-tuned to detect and quickly respond to prey vibrations, presenting a challenge to courting males who must attract a female’s attention but not be mistaken for prey. This is likely particularly important at the onset of courtship when a male enters a female’s web. In web-dwelling spiders, little is known about how males solve this conundrum, or about their courtship signals. Here we used laser Doppler vibrometry to study the vibrations produced by males and prey (house flies and crickets) on tangle webs of the western black widow Latrodectus hesperus and on sheet webs of the hobo spider Tegenaria agrestis. We recorded the vibrations at the location typically occupied by a hunting female spider. We compared the vibrations produced by males and prey in terms of their waveform, dominant frequency, frequency bandwidth, amplitude and duration. We also played back recorded male and prey vibrations through the webs of female L. hesperus to determine the vibratory parameters that trigger a predatory response in females. Results We found overlap in waveform between male and prey vibrations in both L. hesperus and T. agrestis. In both species, male vibrations were continuous, of long duration (on average 6.35 s for T. agrestis and 9.31 s for L. hesperus), and lacked complex temporal patterning such as repeated motifs or syllables. Prey vibrations were shorter (1.38 - 2.59 s), sporadic and often percussive. Based on the parameters measured, courtship signals of male L. hesperus differed more markedly from prey cues than did those of T. agrestis. Courtship vibrations of L. hesperus males differed from prey vibrations in terms of dominant frequency, amplitude and duration. Vibrations of T. agrestis males differed from prey in terms of duration only. During a playback experiment, L. hesperus females did not respond aggressively to low-amplitude vibrations irrespective of whether the playback recording was from a prey or a male. Conclusions Unlike courtship signals of other spider species, the courtship signals of L. hesperus and T. agrestis males do not have complex temporal patterning. The low-amplitude ‘whispers’ of L. hesperus males at the onset of courtship are less likely to trigger a predatory response in females than the high-amplitude vibrations of struggling prey.
机译：简介调整后的雌性蜘蛛可以检测并快速响应猎物的振动，这对寻求雄性的挑战提出了挑战，雄性必须吸引雌性的注意，但不能误认为是猎物。当男性进入女性的网络时，这在求爱开始时特别重要。在蜘蛛网蜘蛛中，人们对雄性如何解决这个难题或其求爱信号知之甚少。在这里，我们使用激光多普勒振动法研究了雄性和猎物（家蝇和）在西部黑寡妇Latrodectus hesperus的缠结网上以及流浪蜘蛛Tegenaria agrestis的薄片网上产生的振动。我们记录了通常由狩猎雌性蜘蛛占据的位置的振动。我们从雄性和猎物的波形，主导频率，频率带宽，振幅和持续时间方面比较了它们产生的振动。我们还回放了雌性欧he麻的网状记录的雄性和猎物振动，以确定触发雌性动物掠食性反应的振动参数。结果我们发现在橙皮猪油菌和T. agrestis的雄性和猎物振动之间的波形重叠。在这两个物种中，雄性振动都是连续的，持续时间长（T. agrestis平均为6.35 s，而L. hesperus平均为9.31 s），并且缺乏复杂的时间模式，例如重复的音节或音节。猎物的振动更短（1.38-2.59 s），零星且经常是敲击声。根据测得的参数，男性刺槐的求爱信号与猎物的信号相比，比刺槐更明显。在优势频率，振幅和持续时间方面，西番莲男性的求爱振动与猎物振动不同。 T. agrestis雄性的振动仅在持续时间方面不同于猎物。在回放实验中，无论回放记录是来自猎物还是雄性，西伯利亚落叶松的雌性都没有对低振幅振动做出积极反应。结论与其他蜘蛛物种的求爱信号不同，橙皮狼和T. agrestis雄性的求爱信号没有复杂的时间模式。与艰难挣扎的猎物的高振幅振动相比，求婚开始时，低位汉斯佩勒斯男性的低振幅“耳语”不太可能在女性中引发掠食性反应。

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