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首页> 外文期刊>MBio >Characterization of a Novel Influenza Virus in Cattle and Swine: Proposal for a New Genus in the Orthomyxoviridae Family
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Characterization of a Novel Influenza Virus in Cattle and Swine: Proposal for a New Genus in the Orthomyxoviridae Family

机译：牛和猪中新型流感病毒的特征：正粘病毒科新属的提议

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We have recently reported the isolation of a novel virus, provisionally designated C/swine/Oklahoma/1334/2011 (C/OK), with 50% overall homology to human influenza C viruses (ICV), from a pig in Oklahoma. Deep RNA sequencing of C/OK virus found a matrix 1 (M1) protein expression strategy that differed from that of ICV. The novelty of C/OK virus prompted us to investigate whether C/OK virus could exist in a nonswine species. Significantly, we found that C/OK virus was widespread in U.S. bovine herds, as demonstrated by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and serological assays. Genome sequencing of three bovine viruses isolated from two herds in different states further confirmed these findings. To determine whether swine/bovine C/OK viruses can undergo reassortment with human ICV, and to clarify the taxonomic status of C/OK, in vitro reassortment and serological typing by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) were conducted. In vitro reassortment using two human ICV and two swine and bovine C/OK viruses demonstrated that human ICV and C/OK viruses were unable to reassort and produce viable progeny. Antigenically, no cross-recognition of detergent split virions was observed in AGID between human and nonhuman viruses by using polyclonal antibodies that were reactive to cognate antigens. Taken together, these results demonstrate that C/OK virus is genetically and antigenically distinct from ICV. The classification of the new virus in a separate genus of the Orthomyxoviridae family is proposed. The finding of C/OK virus in swine and bovine indicates that this new virus may spread and establish infection in other mammals, including humans. >IMPORTANCE Influenza C viruses (ICV) are common human pathogens, infecting most people during childhood and adolescence, and typically cause mild respiratory symptoms. While ICV have been isolated from both pigs and dogs, humans are thought to be the natural viral reservoir. Previously, we characterized an ICV-like virus isolated from pigs exhibiting symptoms of influenza virus-like illness. Here, we show molecular and serological data demonstrating widespread circulation of similar viruses in bovines. Deep RNA sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, and in vitro reassortment experiments demonstrate that animal ICV-like viruses are genetically distinct from human ICV. Antigenically, we show that ICV-like viruses are not recognized by ICV antibodies. En masse, these results suggest that bovine influenza virus warrants classification as a new genus of influenza virus. The finding of this novel virus that can infect multiple mammalian species warrants further research into its role in human health.
机译：我们最近报道了从俄克拉荷马州的一头猪中分离出一种新型病毒，该病毒临时命名为C / swine / Oklahoma / 1334/2011（C / OK），与人类C型流感病毒（ICV）的总体同源性为50％。 C / OK病毒的深度RNA测序发现与ICV不同的基质1（M1）蛋白质表达策略。 C / OK病毒的新颖性促使我们研究C / OK病毒是否可以存在于非猪种中。重要的是，我们发现C / OK病毒在美国牛群中很普遍，这已通过逆转录（RT）-PCR和血清学检测方法得到证实。从不同状态的两个牛群分离出的三种牛病毒的基因组测序进一步证实了这些发现。为了确定猪/牛C / OK病毒是否可以与人ICV进行重组，并弄清C / OK的分类状态，进行了琼脂凝胶免疫扩散（AGID）的体外重组和血清学分型。使用两种人ICV以及两种猪和牛C / OK病毒进行的体外重分类表明，人ICV和C / OK病毒无法重分类并产生可行的后代。抗原学上，通过使用对同源抗原具有反应性的多克隆抗体，在人类和非人类病毒之间的AGID中未观察到去污剂分裂病毒粒子的交叉识别。综上所述，这些结果证明C / OK病毒在遗传和抗原上不同于ICV。建议将新病毒分类为正粘病毒科的一个单独属。在猪和牛中发现的C / OK病毒表明，这种新病毒可能在包括人类在内的其他哺乳动物中传播并建立感染。 >重要性丙型流感病毒（ICV）是常见的人类病原体，在儿童期和青春期感染大多数人，通常会引起轻微的呼吸道症状。虽然已经从猪和狗中分离出了ICV，但人们认为人类是天然的病毒库。以前，我们表征了从表现出流感病毒样疾病症状的猪中分离出的ICV样病毒。在这里，我们显示了分子和血清学数据，证明了牛类似病毒的广泛传播。深入的RNA测序，系统发育分析和体外重排实验表明，动物类ICV样病毒在基因上与人ICV不同。抗原学上，我们表明ICV抗体不能识别类ICV病毒。总体而言，这些结果表明牛流感病毒值得归类为流感病毒的新属。这种可感染多种哺乳动物的新型病毒的发现值得进一步研究其在人类健康中的作用。

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