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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Evolutionary Neuroscience >Sex differences in the relationship of dietary fatty acids to cognitive measures in American children
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Sex differences in the relationship of dietary fatty acids to cognitive measures in American children

机译：美国儿童膳食脂肪酸与认知措施之间的性别差异

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Because the first neurons evolved in an environment high in the n?3 (omega-3) fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), this fatty acid became a major component of neural structure and function and makes up 10% of the dry weight of the human brain. Since n?3 fatty acids must come from the diet, this suggests a possible positive role for dietary n?3 fatty acids in cognition and a possible negative role for n?6 fatty acids, which compete with n?3 for access to critical enzymes. Because human females must provide DHA for the growth of the unusually large brains of their offspring from maternal fat stored during childhood, their need for DHA is especially great. We used stepwise regression to determine whether particular dietary fatty acids and other nutrients were related to cognitive performance in over 4000 American children aged 6–16 from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; a variety of possible biological, social, and environmental risk factors were statistically controlled. In this context the only dietary factors related to cognitive performance were n?3 and n?6 fatty acids. Dietary n?3 fatty acids were positively related to cognitive test scores in male and female children, while n?6 showed the reverse relationship, significantly so in females. In female children the positive effects of n?3 intake were twice as strong as in males and exceeded the negative effects of lead exposure. This suggests that increasing dietary intake of n?3 and decreasing n?6 fatty acids may have cognitive benefits in children, especially in females.
机译：由于第一个神经元在n？3（omega-3）脂肪酸二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）含量较高的环境中进化，因此该脂肪酸成为神经结构和功能的主要组成部分，占其干重的10％。人脑。由于n？3脂肪酸必须来自饮食，这表明饮食中的n？3脂肪酸可能在认知中发挥积极作用，并暗示n？6脂肪酸可能与n？3竞争获取关键酶的消极作用。 。由于人类女性必须提供DHA，以从童年时期储存的母体脂肪中生长出其后代异常大的大脑，因此对DHA的需求特别大。通过第三次全国健康与营养调查，我们使用逐步回归来确定4000例6至16岁的美国儿童中特定的饮食脂肪酸和其他营养物质是否与认知能力有关;对各种可能的生物学，社会和环境风险因素进行了统计控制。在这种情况下，与认知能力有关的唯一饮食因素是n？3和n？6脂肪酸。膳食中的n？3脂肪酸与男女儿童的认知测验分数呈正相关，而n？6则显示出相反的关系，在女性中尤为明显。在女性儿童中，摄入n？3的积极作用是男性的两倍，超过了铅暴露的负面影响。这表明增加饮食中n？3的摄入量和减少n？6脂肪酸的摄入可能对儿童尤其是女性有认知益处。

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