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首页> 外文期刊>Munis Entomology Zoology >Studies on the remnants of the parasitoid larvae of Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), in the galls collected in two places in Italy for determining parasitism level and type of parasitoids
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Studies on the remnants of the parasitoid larvae of Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), in the galls collected in two places in Italy for determining parasitism level and type of parasitoids

机译：在意大利两个地方收集的胆汁中，对Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu（膜翅目：鲤科）的寄生虫幼虫的残留物进行研究，以确定寄生虫的水平和寄生虫的类型

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 In several parts of the world almost 69 species of parasitoids/hyperparasitoids) of Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), were obtained by several works conducted in the galls collected in the spring. Aims of the studies on remnants of larvae in the galls of D. kuriphilus, collectedin autumn, 2014 sent from two places, Italy were: (1) for determining parasitism level of Torymus sinensis; (2) parasitism type of parasitoids in the galls. As study materials 135 galls collected in September, 2014 from Trehago (VR) Italy Se Hembre, and 185 galls, collected October, 2014 from Crespano del Grappa (TV) were send by Drs. Andrea Battisti and Fernanda Colombori, Padova University, Italy. From each group 10 galls were taken and dissecting for determining parasitism level of T. sinensis and parasitism type of parasitoids in the galls. For obtaining parasitism level, larvae of D. kuriphilus (dead ones)and T. sinensis (alive ones) were taken off from the galls, boiled in 10% KOH for 5 minutes, dissected, cleaned from fat-body and slide-mounted in Canada balsam for determining the shape of head structures, mainly mandibles, and spiracles. The other groups of galls were put into vials separately, and kept in room conditions, about 20-250 C and 50-70% relative humidity. If galls have holes, the holes were signed by red pencil, in order to identify the new holes on the galls from which any hymenopterous adult will come out in the future. When adult comes out from gall, it was identified by following keys of several works. The gallery following hole of the adult was dissected for reaching to growing-chamber of adult(s) developed. The remnant of adults were taken off, and slide-mounted in Canada balsam, and figured them by using of Leica DM 500 microscopes with a digital Leica ICC 50 camera attached to it. The mandibles and spiracles of the species were identified. Types of parasitism were determined by the following ways: if one type of mandible was found in the gall, it would be D. kuriphilus, having two-teethed mandible; if two different mandibles were found in galls, the adult come out is the parasitoid and the other one is its host. By this way, In Trehago (VR) Italy Se Hembre the parasitism by T. sinensis was about 65.3% and 3.3% dead adult/lar. of ACGW, and 25.7% of its associates+ACGW (larvae+adults), 1.0% E. annulatus and 5.0% of Pyemotes, and in Crespano del Grappa (TV) the parasitism by T. sinensis was about 62.6% and from the galls 14.4% of dead adult/lar. of ACGW, and 23.0% of its associates +ACGW (larvae /adults),and 4.8% of Pyemotes (2.4 on D. kuriphilus and 2.4 on T. sinensis) were obtained from galls collected in Autumn. The characters of the mandibles and spiracles of D. kuriphilus, T. sinensis, Eupelmus annulatus Nees, Eurytoma pistacina Rondani were figured and discussed
机译：在世界的一些地区，通过春季采集的胆汁中进行的几项研究获得了日本栗（Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu）（膜翅目：Cy科）的近69种寄生虫/超寄生虫。 2014年秋季从意大利两个地方寄来的关于库里菲氏毛虫胆中幼虫残留的研究的目的是：（1）确定中华金龟子的寄生虫​​水平; （2）寄生虫类型的the虫在胆囊中。作为研究材料，Drs博士发送了2014年9月从Trehago（VR）意大利Se Hembre收集的135加仑和2014年10月从Crespano del Grappa（TV）收集的185加仑的研究材料。意大利帕多瓦大学的Andrea Battisti和Fernanda Colombori。从每组中取10个胆囊并解剖，以确定中华绒螯蟹的寄生水平和胆囊中的寄生型寄生物。为了获得寄生水平，从胆囊中取出栗D. kuriphilus（死的）和T. sinensis（活的）的幼虫，在10％KOH中煮沸5分钟，进行解剖，从脂肪体上清洗，然后滑动安装在加拿大香脂，用于确定头部结构的形状，主要是下颌骨和气孔。将其他组的胆汁分别放入小瓶中，并保持在室温，约20-250摄氏度和50-70％相对湿度的室温下。如果胆上有孔，则用红色铅笔在这些孔上签名，以识别胆囊上新出现的孔，以后任何成膜性成虫都会从这些孔中出来。当成年人从胆汁中出来时，它是通过遵循几部作品的钥匙来识别的。解剖了成年后的孔洞，以便到达成年后成年室。取出成年人的残余物，并将其滑动安装在加拿大香脂中，并通过使用装有数字Leica ICC 50照相机的Leica DM 500显微镜对它们进行计数。确定了该物种的下颌骨和气喘。寄生虫的类型通过以下方式确定：如果在胆汁中发现一种下颌骨，那就是D. kuriphilus，具有两齿下颌骨;如果在胆囊中发现了两种不同的下颌骨，则成虫是寄生虫，而另一个是其寄主。通过这种方式，在意大利的Trehago（VR）Se。Hembre，中华按蚊的寄生率约为65.3％和3.3％的成虫/幼虫死亡。占ACGW的25.7％，其同伴+ ACGW（幼虫+成年），1.0％的环肠杆菌和Pyemotes的5.0％，在Crespano del Grappa（TV）中，中华绒螯蟹的寄生率约为62.6％，来自from成年死亡的14.4％。从秋天采集的gall中获得ACGW的量，及其同伴+ ACGW（幼虫/成虫）的23.0％，以及pymotes的4.8％（对栗木D. kuriphilus为2.4，对T. sinensis为2.4）。绘制并讨论了D. kuriphilus，T. sinensis，Eupelmus annulatus Nees，Eurytoma pistacina Rondani的下颌骨和气门的特征。

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