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首页> 外文期刊>Mountain Research & Development >Offsetting Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Himalaya? Clean Development Dams in Himachal Pradesh, India
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Offsetting Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Himalaya? Clean Development Dams in Himachal Pradesh, India

机译：抵消喜马拉雅山的温室气体排放？印度喜马al尔邦的清洁发展水坝

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Abstract The carbon-offsetting scheme Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has evolved into one of the most important instruments for the funding of renewable energy projects in mountain regions in developing and newly industrializing countries. The CDM allows industrialized states to compensate for greenhouse gas emissions by investing in climate change mitigation activities abroad. These offsetting projects are intended to avoid emissions while simultaneously contributing to sustainable development at the local level. The most common project type under the CDM is hydropower, with the majority of projects being located in the mountain areas of China and India. However, doubts about the scrutinizing methods of the CDM as well as the often controversial impacts of dam building on mountain environments and communities raise questions about the ability of these “clean development” dams to serve as a sustainable means of mitigating climate change. The objective of the present article is to assess the effectiveness of large CDM hydropower projects in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. Analysis of planning documents and expert interviews revealed that “clean development” dams in the Himachal Himalaya fall short of achieving the goals of the CDM. Most projects are not in a position to compensate for emissions because they would have been built even without CDM support. Furthermore, it is arguable whether CDM dams contribute to sustainable mountain development, because the consequences of their construction are the same as for many other ordinary large dams, that is, environmental damage and conflicts that arise from the reallocation of land and water resources. Our results suggest that the promotion of large hydropower projects through the CDM in its current form is a highly ambivalent strategy. Shortcomings in the regulatory framework of the CDM may be undermining the environmental and social integrity of the CDM at both the global and local levels.
机译：摘要碳补偿计划清洁发展机制（CDM）已发展成为为发展中国家和新兴工业化国家的山区可再生能源项目提供资金的最重要工具之一。 CDM允许工业化国家通过投资于国外的减缓气候变化活动来补偿温室气体排放。这些抵消性项目旨在避免排放，同时促进地方一级的可持续发展。 CDM下最常见的项目类型是水力发电，其中大多数项目位于中国和印度的山区。但是，对于清洁发展机制的审查方法以及水坝建设对山区环境和社区的经常有争议的影响的质疑，引发了人们对这些“清洁发展”水坝作为缓解气候变化的可持续手段的能力的质疑。本文的目的是评估印度喜马al尔邦大型CDM水电项目的有效性。对规划文件和专家访谈的分析表明，喜马al尔喜马拉雅山的“清洁发展”水坝未能实现CDM的目标。大多数项目无法补偿排放，因为即使没有CDM支持，它们也可以建成。此外，清洁发展机制大坝是否有助于山区可持续发展是有争议的，因为其建设的后果与许多其他普通大型水坝一样，即环境损害和土地和水资源重新分配所引起的冲突。我们的结果表明，通过CDM当前的形式促进大型水电项目是高度矛盾的策略。清洁发展机制监管框架的缺陷可能正在损害全球和地方各级清洁发展机制的环境和社会完整性。

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