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Insights into invasion and restoration ecology: Time to collaborate towards a holistic approach to tackle biological invasions

机译：对入侵和恢复生态的见解：是时候采取一种整体方法来应对生物入侵了

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The aim of our study is to provide an integrated framework for the management of alien plant invasions, combining insights and experiences from the fields of invasion and restoration ecology to enable more effective management of invasive species. To determine linkages between the scientific outputs of the two disciplines we used an existing data base on restoration studies between 2000 and 2008 and did a bibliometric analysis. We identified the type of restoration applied, determined by the aim of the study, and conducted a content analysis on 208 selected studies with a link to biological invasions (invasion-restoration studies). We found a total of 1075 articles on ecosystem restoration, with only eight percent of the studies having the main objective to control alien invasions. The content analysis of 208 invasion-restoration studies showed that the majority of the studies focused on causes of degradation other than alien invasions. If invaders were referred to as the main driver of degradation, the prevalent cause for degradation was invaders outcompeting and replacing native species. Mechanical control of alien plant invasions was by far the most common control method used. Measures that went beyond the removal of alien plants were implemented in sixty-five percent of the studies. Although invasion control was not as common as other types of restoration, a closer look at the sub-group of invasion-restoration studies shows a clear link between restoration and invasion ecology. Concerns, as identified in the literature review, are firstly that restoration activities mostly focus on controlling the invader while other underlying causes for degradation are neglected, and secondly that the current approach of dealing with alien invasions lacks a combination of theoretical and practical aspects. We suggest that closer collaboration between invasion and restoration ecologists can help to improve the management of alien plant invasions. We conclude with a framework and a case study from Perth Western Australia integrating the two disciplines, with the aim of informing restoration practice.
机译：我们的研究目的是为外来植物入侵的管理提供一个综合的框架，结合入侵和恢复生态学领域的见识和经验，以更有效地管理入侵物种。为了确定这两个学科的科学成果之间的联系，我们使用了现有的2000年至2008年恢复研究数据库，并进行了文献计量分析。我们确定了根据研究目的确定的修复类型，并对208项与生物学入侵相关的选定研究（入侵-修复研究）进行了内容分析。我们总共找到了1075篇有关生态系统恢复的文章，其中只有8％的研究的主要目标是控制外来入侵。对208项入侵恢复研究的内容分析表明，大多数研究关注的是除外来入侵之外的退化原因。如果将入侵者称为降解的主要驱动力，那么造成降解的主要原因是入侵者胜过竞争并取代了本地物种。迄今为止，对外来植物入侵的机械控制是最常用的控制方法。这些研究中有百分之六十五实施了除去除外来植物以外的措施。尽管入侵控制并不像其他类型的恢复那样普遍，但是仔细研究入侵恢复研究的子类别可以发现恢复与入侵生态学之间有着明确的联系。正如文献综述中所指出的那样，首先是恢复活动主要集中在控制入侵者，而其他引起退化的潜在原因却被忽略，其次，目前处理外来入侵的方法缺乏理论和实践的结合。我们建议入侵者与恢复生态学家之间更紧密的合作可以帮助改善外来植物入侵的管理。我们以珀斯西澳大利亚州的一个框架和一个案例研究作为结束语，结合了这两个学科，旨在为修复实践提供信息。

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