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首页> 外文期刊>Natural hazards and earth system sciences >Geohydrological hazards and urban development in the Mediterranean area: an example from Genoa (Liguria, Italy)
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Geohydrological hazards and urban development in the Mediterranean area: an example from Genoa (Liguria, Italy)

机译：地中海地区的水文灾害与城市发展：热那亚的一个例子（意大利利古里亚）

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摘要

The metropolitan area and the city of Genoa has become a national andinternational case study for geohydrological risk, mainly due to thefrequency of floods. In 2014, there were landslides again, as well as flash floods thathave particularly caused casualties and economic damage. The weather features of the Gulf of Genoa and thegeomorphological–environmental setting of the Ligurian coastal land are thepredisposing factors that determine heavy rains and their resulting effectson the ground.This study analysed the characteristics of the main meteorological disastersthat have hit Genoa since the start of the 20th century; changes in the rainfall regimeare evaluated and the main stages of urbanization of the area are detailed,with the resulting changes to the drainage network, in order to identify themain causes of this high geohydrological risk. To this end, scientists have usedclimate data recorded at the station of Genoa University, in operation since1833, and at Ponte Carrega station, located in the middle reach of the Bisagnostream, a well-known watercourse because of its frequent floods. Urbansprawl was evaluated through a multi-temporal mapping comparison, usingmaps available from the beginning of the 19th century up to thecurrent regional technical maps.The average air temperature in Genoa shows a statistically significantincrease, while the number of rainy days displays an equally cleardecrease over time. The total annual rain value does not seem to indicaterather noticeable changes. The intensity of rain in Genoa expressed asrainfall rate, i.e.~the ratio of annual rainfall and number of rainy days,shows statistically significant growth.The geohydrological vulnerability in Genoa has increased over time due tourban development which has established modifications in land use,from agricultural to urban, especially in the valley floor. Waterwayshave been confined and reduced to artificial channels, often covered in theirfinal stretch; in some cases they have even been totally removed. Theseactions should be at least partially reversed in order to reduce thepresently high hydrological risk.
机译：大都市区和热那亚市已成为国家和国际上关于水文风险的案例研究，主要是由于洪水频发。 2014年，再次发生了山体滑坡，以及山洪暴发，特别造成了人员伤亡和经济损失。热那亚湾的天气特征和利古里亚沿海土地的地貌-环境环境是决定大雨及其对地面的影响的诱因。 本研究分析了受灾的主要气象灾害的特征自20世纪初以来的热那亚;评估了降雨制度的变化，并详细说明了该地区城市化的主要阶段，并对排水网络进行了相应的变化，以查明造成这种高水文风险的主要原因。为此，科学家们使用了始于1833年的热那亚大学（Genoa University）站和位于比萨格诺河（Bisagnostream）中游的Ponte Carrega站所记录的气候数据。通过从19世纪初到当前区域技术地图的可用多时间地图比较，对Urbansprawl进行了评估。 热那亚的平均气温显示出统计上的显着增加，而雨天数随时间显示同样明显的减少。年度总降雨值似乎并未显示出明显的变化。热那亚的降雨强度以降雨率表示，即年降水量与雨天数的比值显示出统计学上的显着增长。从农业到城市的土地利用，特别是在山谷地带。水路被限制在狭窄的人工河道中，通常覆盖在河道的最后一段;在某些情况下，它们甚至已被完全删除。为了减少目前较高的水文风险，应至少部分扭转这些作用。

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