Dead fine fuel (e.g., litter) moisture content is an important parameter forboth forest fire and ecological applications as it is related toignitability, fire behavior and soil respiration. Real-time availability ofthis value would thus be a great benefit to fire risk management and prevention. However, thecomprehensive literature review in this paper shows that there is noeasy-to-use method for automated measurements available. This studyinvestigates the applicability of four different sensor types (permittivityand electrical resistance measuring principles) for this measurement.Comparisons were made to manual gravimetric reference measurements carriedout almost daily for one fire season and overall agreement was good (highlysignificant correlations with 0.792??=??r??=??0.947, p???0.001).Standard deviations within sensor types were linearly correlated to dailysensor mean values; however, above a certain threshold they becameirregular, which may be linked to exceedance of the working ranges. Thus,measurements with irregular standard deviations were considered unusable andrelationships between gravimetric and automatic measurements of allindividual sensors were compared only for useable periods. A large drift inthese relationships became obvious from drought to drought period. Thisdrift may be related to installation effects or settling and decompositionof the litter layer throughout the fire season. Because of the drift and thein situ calibration necessary, it cannot be recommended to use the methodspresented here for monitoring purposes and thus operational hazard management. However, they may be interesting forscientific studies when some manual fuel moisture measurements are madeanyway. Additionally, a number of potential methodological improvements aresuggested.
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机译:死细燃料(例如垃圾)的水分含量是森林火灾和生态应用的重要参数,因为它与可燃性,燃烧行为和土壤呼吸有关。因此,该值的实时可用性将对火灾风险管理和预防大有裨益。但是,本文的综合文献综述表明,尚无易于使用的自动测量方法。这项研究调查了四种不同类型的传感器(介电常数和电阻测量原理)在此测量中的适用性。与几乎在一个火灾季节每天进行的手动重量参考测量进行了比较,总体一致性良好(与0.792?? ?? r i>?? =?0.947, p i> ?? <?0.001)。传感器类型内的标准偏差与每日传感器平均值线性相关;但是,超过一定阈值时,它们变得不规则,这可能与超出工作范围有关。因此,具有不规则标准偏差的测量被认为是不可用的,并且仅在可用期间内比较了重量法和自动测量所有个体传感器之间的关系。在干旱到干旱期间,这些关系发生了很大的漂移。这种漂移可能与整个火季的安装效果或垃圾层的沉降和分解有关。由于需要进行漂移和现场校准,因此不建议使用此处介绍的方法进行监视,从而进行操作风险管理。但是,当无论如何都要进行一些手动燃油湿度测量时,它们可能对科学研究很有趣。另外,建议了许多潜在的方法改进。
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