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首页> 外文期刊>Neurosurgical focus >Artificially deformed crania from the Hun-Germanic Period (5th–6th century ad) in northeastern Hungary: historical and morphological analysis
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Artificially deformed crania from the Hun-Germanic Period (5th–6th century ad) in northeastern Hungary: historical and morphological analysis

机译：匈牙利东北匈德时代（公元5-6世纪）的人为变形的颅骨：历史和形态分析

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摘要

From an anthropological point of view, artificial deformation of the cranial shape in newborns is one of the most interesting human customs, which has been recorded in all continents and in different cultures. However, the main goals of this procedure were basically the same everywhere; that is, to distinguish certain groups of people from others and to indicate the social status of individuals. In the Carpathian Basin all artificially deformed skulls are dated to the late Iron Age, especially to the early Migration Period. The authors examined 9 artificially deformed skulls from the Hun-Germanic Period (5th–6th century ad ) excavated from two cemeteries in the northeastern part of the Great Hungarian Plain (Hungary). The extent and the type of the deformation as well as the technique were determined in each case. The authors also attempt to shed light on the probable origin and the historical context of the custom practiced in the Carpathian Basin (Hungary), relying on the anthropological and historical literature on the Hun-Germanic and preceding periods. It seems possible that this custom, which is associated with the finds in the Carpathian Basin, first appeared in the Kalmykia steppe, later in the Crimea, from where it spread to Central and Western Europe by way of the Hun migration. Neither the cranial find described presently nor the special literature on the subject furnish convincing evidence that the cranial deformation resulted in any chronic neurological disorder.
机译：从人类学的角度来看，新生儿颅骨形状的人工变形是最有趣的人类习俗之一，已记录在各大洲和不同文化中。但是，此过程的主要目标在各处基本相同。也就是说，将某些人群与其他人群区分开来，并指出个人的社会地位。在喀尔巴阡盆地，所有人为变形的头骨都可以追溯到铁器时代晚期，尤其是早期的迁徙时期。作者研究了从匈牙利大平原（匈牙利）东北两处墓地挖出的9个匈德时代（公元5-6世纪）人工变形的头骨。在每种情况下都确定变形的程度，类型以及技术。作者还试图依靠匈德语及以前时期的人类学和历史文献来阐明在喀尔巴阡盆地（匈牙利）实行的习俗的可能起源和历史背景。这种风俗似乎与喀尔巴阡盆地的发现有关，最早可能出现在卡尔梅克大草原，后来出现在克里米亚，并通过匈奴移民从那里传播到中欧和西欧。当前描述的颅骨发现或有关该主题的特殊文献都没有提供令人信服的证据表明颅骨变形导致任何慢性神经系统疾病。

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