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Feeding difficulties are not associated with higher rates of iron deficiency anemia in Brazilian children and adolescents—cross-sectional study

机译：喂养困难与巴西儿童和青少年铁缺乏性贫血的发生率升高无关—横断面研究

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BackgroundIron deficiency anemia and feeding difficulties (FD) are common issues in childhood, reinforcing the concern about the risk of micronutrient deficiencies. FD do not necessarily reflect nutritional deficiencies, since they may or may not relate to specific nutrient sources. The objective of the study is to describe the prevalence of iron depletion and iron deficiency anemia in children with FD and to seek associations with diagnosis and its markers. MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study with 68 patients (convenience sample). The following data were assessed through medical records: age (months), gender, exclusive breastfeeding duration (months), birth weight (kg), iron supplementation, hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, repertory of foods consumed (food inventory and 3-day food record analysis), and diagnosis of FD. Data were classified according to references for age and were analyzed using correlation tests, Student’s t test, ANOVA and chi-square test, or its nonparametric equivalents. A significance level of 5% was considered. ResultsIron depletion and anemia were identified in 10.1 and 6% of children, respectively. Picky eating was diagnosed in 35.3%. Food repertory consisted on average of 21 foods, with null correlation to Hb and ferritin. The average fortified milk intake was 517?ml/day, with null correlation to Hb. There was no effect of diagnosis of FD on Hb ( p =?0.18) or ferritin ( p =?0.52). The same was verified in the children without supplementation, to both Hb ( p =?0.54) and ferritin ( p =?0.08). ConclusionsNo evidence of association between diagnosis of FD or repertory of foods to anemia or iron depletion was found, which could be a reassuring factor for caregivers. Reproduction in large scale as well as inclusion of dietary intake variables is suggested for further research.
机译：背景铁缺乏性贫血和喂养困难（FD）是儿童期的常见问题，这加剧了人们对微量营养素缺乏风险的担忧。 FD不一定反映营养不足，因为它们可能与特定营养素来源有关，也可能无关。这项研究的目的是描述FD儿童中铁耗竭和缺铁性贫血的患病率，并寻求与诊断及其标志物的关联。方法这是一项针对68位患者（方便样本）的横断面研究。通过医疗记录评估了以下数据：年龄（月），性别，纯母乳喂养时间（月），出生体重（kg），补铁，血红蛋白（Hb），铁蛋白和C反应蛋白（CRP）水平，库食用的食物（食物库存和3天食物记录分析）以及FD诊断。数据根据参考年龄进行分类，并使用相关检验，Student's t检验，ANOVA和卡方检验或其非参数等价物进行分析。考虑的显着性水平为5％。结果分别在10.1和6％的儿童中发现了铁耗竭和贫血。诊断出挑食的比例为35.3％。食物库平均包括21种食物，与Hb和铁蛋白无相关性。强化牛奶的平均摄入量为517？ml /天，与Hb无相关性。 FD对Hb（p = 0.18）或铁蛋白（p = 0.52）的诊断没有影响。在没有补充的儿童中，Hb（p =？0.54）和铁蛋白（p =？0.08）的情况相同。结论未发现FD诊断或食物库贫血或铁耗竭之间有关联的证据，这可能是护理人员的放心因素。建议大规模繁殖以及包括饮食摄入量变量以供进一步研究。

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