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Perceptions of neighborhood environments and their association with overweight in children, adolescents, and caretakers in a medium-sized city in Brazil

机译：巴西中型城市中邻里环境的感知及其与儿童，青少年和看护者超重的关系

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BackgroundPrevious studies conducted in developed countries have suggested associations between perceptions of neighborhood characteristics and weight gain. However, there are few studies regarding the adult perception of the residential environment and overweight in children and adolescents in countries with low and medium income. The aim of the study was to assess the associations between caretakers’ perceptions of environmental characteristics and overweight in themselves and in their children, in a medium-sized city in Brazil. MethodsCross-sectional study was performed with 708 children and adolescents and their caretakers. Anthropometric measurements and a structured questionnaire filled out by caretakers concerning child and family characteristics were completed. For environmental assessment, 408 caretakers answered the Portuguese version of the “Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale” by telephone call. A 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was used in the analysis. Unadjusted prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated, as were PR adjusted for age, gender, family income, and total time of exercise the children or adolescents practiced (from Poisson regression models predicting children’s and adolescents’ overweight), and for age and family income (from Poisson regression models predicting caretakers’ overweight). Statistical significance was defined as a p value ResultsAdult perceptions about the absence of sidewalks on most streets (PR?=?0.49, 95%CI?=?0.42–0.98) and the absence of interesting things to look at (esthetics) in the neighborhood (PR?=?0.65, 95%CI?=?0.44–0.90) were inversely associated with the prevalence of overweight in the children and adolescents after adjustment. The absence of hills in the neighborhood (PR?=?1.24, 95%CI?=?1.05–1.45) and the perception of heavy exhaust fumes (PR?=?1.26, 95%CI?=?1.02–1.56) were directly associated with the prevalence of overweight in the caretakers. Finally, the high speed of traffic on the street (PR?=?0.76, 95%CI?=?0.63–0.92) was inversely associated with the prevalence of adult overweight. ConclusionsThe results showed, in Brazil, the importance of understanding aspects related to obesogenic environment in the context of medium-sized Brazilian cities.
机译：背景技术在发达国家进行的先前研究表明，邻里特征与体重增加之间存在关联。但是，在中低收入国家，关于成年人对居住环境和儿童和青少年超重的看法很少。该研究的目的是评估巴西一个中型城市的看护者对环境特征的看法与他们自己和孩子的超重之间的联系。方法对708名儿童和青少年及其监护人进行横断面研究。由看护人填写的有关儿童和家庭特征的人体测量数据和结构化问卷已完成。为了进行环境评估，有408名看护者通过电话回答了葡萄牙语版本的“邻里环境步行能力量表”。分析中使用了95％的置信区间（95％CI）。计算未经调整的患病率（PR），并针对年龄，性别，家庭收入和儿童或青少年的总锻炼时间进行PR调整（根据预测儿童和青少年超重的Poisson回归模型）以及年龄和家庭收入进行调整（根据预测护理人员超重的Poisson回归模型）。统计显着性定义为ap值结果：关于大多数街道上没有人行道的成人观念（PR？=？0.49，95％CI？=？0.42-0.98）以及附近没有有趣的事物要看（美学）（ PR≥0.65，95％CI≥0.44-0.90）与调整后儿童和青少年超重的患病率呈负相关。社区附近没有丘陵（PR？=？1.24，95％CI？=？1.05-1.45）和对浓烟的感知（PR？=？1.26，95％CI？=？1.02-1.56）？与看护者超重的患病率有关。最后，街道上的高速交通（PR≥0.76，95％CI≥0.63-0.92）与成人超重的患病率成反比。结论结果表明，在巴西中型城市中，了解与致肥胖环境有关的方面非常重要。

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